Timezones

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The basic information for this table is found in Randy Jacobson's work, "Time Zones for Earhart Radio Message Database."

From local to GMT
To determine how to get back to GMT time from a local time, always add the offsets given below to get GMT time.
From GMT to local
Subtract the value of the offset from GMT to get the local time.
Math reminders
  • When we add negative numbers, the result is the same as subtracting the absolute value of the number from the base.
0000 GMT + (-1) = 0000 - 0100 = 2300
  • When we subtract negative numbers, the result is the same as adding the absolute value of the number to the base.
0000 GMT - (-1) = 0000 + 0100 = 0100
Dateline
If your calculation is crossing the dateline, add a day if transiting east to west; subtract a day if the your calculation is transiting west to east.
In the case of their last flight, Earhart and Noonan took off at 1000 hours on 2 July in Lae, which was 0000 GMT on 2 July in Greenwich. After flying for 14 hours from west to east, the aircraft would pass the midnight hour from July 2 to July 3 with respect to Lae, but when it crossed the dateline, it would then be "back" on July 2nd.
Time Zone Conventions

The convention used in this table for Time Zone values is the opposite of the current UTC convention. To convert to the UTC convention, change all of the positive offsets to negative numbers and all of the negative offsets to positive numbers.

1937 timezones.
Ship/Place Time of TZ Change Time Zone offset from GMT
Baker 11
Honolulu 10.5
Howland 10.5
Jarvis 10.5
Lae (-10)
San Francisco 8
Washington, DC 5
London (-1)
American Samoa 11
CINCUS 8
COMINBATFOR 10.5
COMDESCOFOR 8
COMAIRBASEFOR 8
COMBATSHIPS 8
COMAIRBATFOR 8
Duane 13 Jan 1937 10.5
15 Jan 0530 11
24 Jan 1300 10.5
Shoshone March 10, 0700 10.5

(stays 10.5 for duration of first attempt)

Itasca 19 June 0000 10.5
20 June 1400 11
22 June 1400 11.5
12 July 1400 12
14 July 0000 11.5
20 July 1400 11
23 July 0800 10.5
Ontario 17 June 1937 0700 11
18 June 0000 12
20 June 1100 (-12)
22 June 1800 (-11)
5 July 0800 -12
7 July 1500 12
9 July 1500 11
Swan 1 July 0000 11
6 July 1300 11.5
10 July 0300 11
10 July 1700 11.5
12 July 1900 12
15 July 0000 (-12)
Colorado 3 July 1400 10.5
4 July 4 1300 11
7 July 1300 11.5
14 July 1300 10.5

Lexington
Drayton
Cushing
Lamson

1 July 1937 8
5 July 1600 9
7 July 1600 10
8 July 1030: 10.5
12 July 11.5
21 July 10.5

Selected table of times and dates

GMT Lae Itasca PST EST
29-6 0500 GMT 29-6 1500 Lae 29-6 1630 Ita 28-6 2100 PST 29-6 0000 EST
29-6 0600 GMT 29-6 1600 Lae 29-6 1730 Ita 28-6 2200 PST 29-6 0100 EST
29-6 0700 GMT 29-6 1700 Lae 29-6 1830 Ita 28-6 2300 PST 29-6 0200 EST
29-6 0800 GMT 29-6 1800 Lae 29-6 1930 Ita 29-6 0000 PST 29-6 0300 EST
29-6 0900 GMT 29-6 1900 Lae 29-6 2030 Ita 29-6 0100 PST 29-6 0400 EST
29-6 1000 GMT 29-6 2000 Lae 29-6 2130 Ita 29-6 0200 PST 29-6 0500 EST
29-6 1100 GMT 29-6 2100 Lae 29-6 2230 Ita 29-6 0300 PST 29-6 0600 EST
29-6 1200 GMT 29-6 2200 Lae 29-6 2330 Ita 29-6 0400 PST 29-6 0700 EST
29-6 1300 GMT 29-6 2300 Lae 30-6 0030 Ita 29-6 0500 PST 29-6 0800 EST
29-6 1400 GMT 30-6 0000 Lae 30-6 0130 Ita 29-6 0600 PST 29-6 0900 EST
29-6 1500 GMT 30-6 0100 Lae 30-6 0230 Ita 29-6 0700 PST 29-6 1000 EST
29-6 1600 GMT 30-6 0200 Lae 30-6 0330 Ita 29-6 0800 PST 29-6 1100 EST
29-6 1700 GMT 30-6 0300 Lae 30-6 0430 Ita 29-6 0900 PST 29-6 1200 EST
29-6 1800 GMT 30-6 0400 Lae 30-6 0530 Ita 29-6 1000 PST 29-6 1300 EST
29-6 1900 GMT 30-6 0500 Lae 30-6 0630 Ita 29-6 1100 PST 29-6 1400 EST
29-6 2000 GMT 30-6 0600 Lae 30-6 0730 Ita 29-6 1200 PST 29-6 1500 EST
29-6 2100 GMT 30-6 0700 Lae 30-6 0830 Ita 29-6 1300 PST 29-6 1600 EST
29-6 2200 GMT 30-6 0800 Lae 30-6 0930 Ita 29-6 1400 PST 29-6 1700 EST
29-6 2300 GMT 30-6 0900 Lae 30-6 1030 Ita 29-6 1500 PST 29-6 1800 EST
30-6 0000 GMT 30-6 1000 Lae 30-6 1130 Ita 29-6 1600 PST 29-6 1900 EST
30-6 0100 GMT 30-6 1100 Lae 30-6 1230 Ita 29-6 1700 PST 29-6 2000 EST
30-6 0200 GMT 30-6 1200 Lae 30-6 1330 Ita 29-6 1800 PST 29-6 2100 EST
30-6 0300 GMT 30-6 1300 Lae 30-6 1430 Ita 29-6 1900 PST 29-6 2200 EST
30-6 0400 GMT 30-6 1400 Lae 30-6 1530 Ita 29-6 2000 PST 29-6 2300 EST
30-6 0500 GMT 30-6 1500 Lae 30-6 1630 Ita 29-6 2100 PST 30-6 0000 EST
30-6 0600 GMT 30-6 1600 Lae 30-6 1730 Ita 29-6 2200 PST 30-6 0100 EST
30-6 0700 GMT 30-6 1700 Lae 30-6 1830 Ita 29-6 2300 PST 30-6 0200 EST
30-6 0800 GMT 30-6 1800 Lae 30-6 1930 Ita 30-6 0000 PST 30-6 0300 EST
30-6 0900 GMT 30-6 1900 Lae 30-6 2030 Ita 30-6 0100 PST 30-6 0400 EST
30-6 1000 GMT 30-6 2000 Lae 30-6 2130 Ita 30-6 0200 PST 30-6 0500 EST
30-6 1100 GMT 30-6 2100 Lae 30-6 2230 Ita 30-6 0300 PST 30-6 0600 EST
30-6 1200 GMT 30-6 2200 Lae 30-6 2330 Ita 30-6 0400 PST 30-6 0700 EST
30-6 1300 GMT 30-6 2300 Lae 1-7 0030 Ita 30-6 0500 PST 30-6 0800 EST
30-6 1400 GMT 1-7 0000 Lae 1-7 0130 Ita 30-6 0600 PST 30-6 0900 EST
30-6 1500 GMT 1-7 0100 Lae 1-7 0230 Ita 30-6 0700 PST 30-6 1000 EST
30-6 1600 GMT 1-7 0200 Lae 1-7 0330 Ita 30-6 0800 PST 30-6 1100 EST
30-6 1700 GMT 1-7 0300 Lae 1-7 0430 Ita 30-6 0900 PST 30-6 1200 EST
30-6 1800 GMT 1-7 0400 Lae 1-7 0530 Ita 30-6 1000 PST 30-6 1300 EST
30-6 1900 GMT 1-7 0500 Lae 1-7 0630 Ita 30-6 1100 PST 30-6 1400 EST
30-6 2000 GMT 1-7 0600 Lae 1-7 0730 Ita 30-6 1200 PST 30-6 1500 EST
30-6 2100 GMT 1-7 0700 Lae 1-7 0830 Ita 30-6 1300 PST 30-6 1600 EST
30-6 2200 GMT 1-7 0800 Lae 1-7 0930 Ita 30-6 1400 PST 30-6 1700 EST
30-6 2300 GMT 1-7 0900 Lae 1-7 1030 Ita 30-6 1500 PST 30-6 1800 EST
1-7 0000 GMT 1-7 1000 Lae 1-7 1130 Ita 30-6 1600 PST 30-6 1900 EST
1-7 0100 GMT 1-7 1100 Lae 1-7 1230 Ita 30-6 1700 PST 30-6 2000 EST
1-7 0200 GMT 1-7 1200 Lae 1-7 1330 Ita 30-6 1800 PST 30-6 2100 EST
1-7 0300 GMT 1-7 1300 Lae 1-7 1430 Ita 30-6 1900 PST 30-6 2200 EST
1-7 0400 GMT 1-7 1400 Lae 1-7 1530 Ita 30-6 2000 PST 30-6 2300 EST
1-7 0500 GMT 1-7 1500 Lae 1-7 1630 Ita 30-6 2100 PST 1-7 0000 EST
1-7 0600 GMT 1-7 1600 Lae 1-7 1730 Ita 30-6 2200 PST 1-7 0100 EST
1-7 0700 GMT 1-7 1700 Lae 1-7 1830 Ita 30-6 2300 PST 1-7 0200 EST
1-7 0800 GMT 1-7 1800 Lae 1-7 1930 Ita 1-7 0000 PST 1-7 0300 EST
1-7 0900 GMT 1-7 1900 Lae 1-7 2030 Ita 1-7 0100 PST 1-7 0400 EST
1-7 1000 GMT 1-7 2000 Lae 1-7 2130 Ita 1-7 0200 PST 1-7 0500 EST
1-7 1100 GMT 1-7 2100 Lae 1-7 2230 Ita 1-7 0300 PST 1-7 0600 EST
1-7 1200 GMT 1-7 2200 Lae 1-7 2330 Ita 1-7 0400 PST 1-7 0700 EST
1-7 1300 GMT 1-7 2300 Lae 2-7 0030 Ita 1-7 0500 PST 1-7 0800 EST
1-7 1400 GMT 2-7 0000 Lae 2-7 0130 Ita 1-7 0600 PST 1-7 0900 EST
1-7 1500 GMT 2-7 0100 Lae 2-7 0230 Ita 1-7 0700 PST 1-7 1000 EST
1-7 1600 GMT 2-7 0200 Lae 2-7 0330 Ita 1-7 0800 PST 1-7 1100 EST
1-7 1700 GMT 2-7 0300 Lae 2-7 0430 Ita 1-7 0900 PST 1-7 1200 EST
1-7 1800 GMT 2-7 0400 Lae 2-7 0530 Ita 1-7 1000 PST 1-7 1300 EST
1-7 1900 GMT 2-7 0500 Lae 2-7 0630 Ita 1-7 1100 PST 1-7 1400 EST
1-7 2000 GMT 2-7 0600 Lae 2-7 0730 Ita 1-7 1200 PST 1-7 1500 EST
1-7 2100 GMT 2-7 0700 Lae 2-7 0830 Ita 1-7 1300 PST 1-7 1600 EST
1-7 2200 GMT 2-7 0800 Lae 2-7 0930 Ita 1-7 1400 PST 1-7 1700 EST
1-7 2300 GMT 2-7 0900 Lae 2-7 1030 Ita 1-7 1500 PST 1-7 1800 EST
2-7 0000 GMT 2-7 1000 Lae 2-7 1130 Ita 1-7 1600 PST 1-7 1900 EST
2-7 0100 GMT 2-7 1100 Lae 2-7 1230 Ita 1-7 1700 PST 1-7 2000 EST
2-7 0200 GMT 2-7 1200 Lae 2-7 1330 Ita 1-7 1800 PST 1-7 2100 EST
2-7 0300 GMT 2-7 1300 Lae 2-7 1430 Ita 1-7 1900 PST 1-7 2200 EST
2-7 0400 GMT 2-7 1400 Lae 2-7 1530 Ita 1-7 2000 PST 1-7 2300 EST
2-7 0500 GMT 2-7 1500 Lae 2-7 1630 Ita 1-7 2100 PST 2-7 0000 EST
2-7 0600 GMT 2-7 1600 Lae 2-7 1730 Ita 1-7 2200 PST 2-7 0100 EST
2-7 0700 GMT 2-7 1700 Lae 2-7 1830 Ita 1-7 2300 PST 2-7 0200 EST
2-7 0800 GMT 2-7 1800 Lae 2-7 1930 Ita 2-7 0000 PST 2-7 0300 EST
2-7 0900 GMT 2-7 1900 Lae 2-7 2030 Ita 2-7 0100 PST 2-7 0400 EST
2-7 1000 GMT 2-7 2000 Lae 2-7 2130 Ita 2-7 0200 PST 2-7 0500 EST
2-7 1100 GMT 2-7 2100 Lae 2-7 2230 Ita 2-7 0300 PST 2-7 0600 EST
2-7 1200 GMT 2-7 2200 Lae 2-7 2330 Ita 2-7 0400 PST 2-7 0700 EST
2-7 1300 GMT 2-7 2300 Lae 3-7 0030 Ita 2-7 0500 PST 2-7 0800 EST
2-7 1400 GMT 3-7 0000 Lae 3-7 0130 Ita 2-7 0600 PST 2-7 0900 EST
2-7 1500 GMT 3-7 0100 Lae 3-7 0230 Ita 2-7 0700 PST 2-7 1000 EST
2-7 1600 GMT 3-7 0200 Lae 3-7 0330 Ita 2-7 0800 PST 2-7 1100 EST
2-7 1700 GMT 3-7 0300 Lae 3-7 0430 Ita 2-7 0900 PST 2-7 1200 EST
2-7 1800 GMT 3-7 0400 Lae 3-7 0530 Ita 2-7 1000 PST 2-7 1300 EST
2-7 1900 GMT 3-7 0500 Lae 3-7 0630 Ita 2-7 1100 PST 2-7 1400 EST
2-7 2000 GMT 3-7 0600 Lae 3-7 0730 Ita 2-7 1200 PST 2-7 1500 EST
2-7 2100 GMT 3-7 0700 Lae 3-7 0830 Ita 2-7 1300 PST 2-7 1600 EST
2-7 2200 GMT 3-7 0800 Lae 3-7 0930 Ita 2-7 1400 PST 2-7 1700 EST
2-7 2300 GMT 3-7 0900 Lae 3-7 1030 Ita 2-7 1500 PST 2-7 1800 EST
3-7 0000 GMT 3-7 1000 Lae 3-7 1130 Ita 2-7 1600 PST 2-7 1900 EST
3-7 0100 GMT 3-7 1100 Lae 3-7 1230 Ita 2-7 1700 PST 2-7 2000 EST
3-7 0200 GMT 3-7 1200 Lae 3-7 1330 Ita 2-7 1800 PST 2-7 2100 EST
3-7 0300 GMT 3-7 1300 Lae 3-7 1430 Ita 2-7 1900 PST 2-7 2200 EST

24 hours, 24 time zones

To get the UTC time from a local time zone, subtract the offset from the local time.

  • Monday 2020 EST - (-5) = 0120 Tuesday UTC. I know it is the next day because my calculation took me past midnight. Tuesday arrives in the Zulu time zone before it gets here five hours later.
  • Monday 0920 Lae - 10 = Sunday 2320 UTC on the previous day. I know it is the day before because I had to cross midnight heading in the other direction from my first example. Monday arrives in Lae 10 hours before it reaches the Zulu time zone.

To get to a local time zone from UTC, add the offset from the UTC time.

  • Wednesday 1400 UTC + (-5) = Wednesday 0900 EST
  • Wednesday 1400 UTC + 10 = Thursday 0000 Lae.
Name Includes Offset
M/Y UTC-12
X-ray UTC-11
Whiskey UTC-10
Victor UTC-9
Uniform

PST--Pacific Standard Time

  • Seattle
  • San Francisco
  • Los Angeles
  • Oakland
 UTC-8
Tango

MST--Mountain Standard Time

  • Phoenix
  • Salt Lake City
  • Denver
 UTC-7
Sierra

CST--Central Standard Time

  • Chicago
  • Houston
  • New Orleans
 UTC-6
Romeo

EST--Eastern Standard Time

  • Detroit
  • New York
  • Miami
  • D.C.
 UTC-5
Quebec UTC-4
Papa UTC-3
Oscar UTC-2
November UTC-1
Zulu
  • Greenwich
  • GCT--Greenwich Common Time
  • GMT--Greenwich Mean Time
  • UTC--Coordinated Universal Time[1]
 00
Alpha UTC+1
Bravo UTC+2
Charlie UTC+3
Delta UTC+4
Echo UTC+5
Foxtrot UTC+6
Golf UTC+7
Hotel UTC+8
India
  • Tokyo, Japan
 UTC+9
Kilo

Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

  • Lae, New Guinea
 UTC+10
Lima UTC+11
M/Y UTC+12

Links

  1. ↑ "Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)." "UTC" is an arbitrary name created to avoid relying on any particular language for the acronym.
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