Morse code key questions - Revision history

Moleski: /* Evidence that Gurr had one key */

2015-03-06T00:10:38Z

Evidence that Gurr had one key

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:10, 6 March 2015
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	[[Goerner]]: "It has been alleged that AE left the CW key in Miami and that neither she or Noonan could send CW. Did the Earhart plane have a CW capability either through CW key or through depressing the voice phone, and what do you remember about the CW capabilities of Earhart and Noonan?"		[[Goerner]]: "It has been alleged that AE left the CW key in Miami and that neither she or Noonan could send CW. Did the Earhart plane have a CW capability either through CW key or through depressing the voice phone, and what do you remember about the CW capabilities of Earhart and Noonan?"

	[[Gurr]]: "Equipment had CW capability. Key, was taken off after Capt. Manning left, as [neither] Amelia nor Noonan knew enough code. I still have the key if you want it?"<ref>[[Gurr#Questions_from_Goerner.2C_Answers_from_Gurr Questions from Goerner, answers from Gurr.]]</ref>		[[Gurr]]: "Equipment had CW capability. Key, was taken off after Capt. Manning left, as [neither] Amelia nor Noonan knew enough code. I still have the key if you want it?"<ref>[[Gurr#Questions_from_Goerner.2C_Answers_from_Gurr\|"Questions from Goerner, answers from Gurr."]]</ref>

	== Evidence that Tinus had the other key ==		== Evidence that Tinus had the other key ==

Moleski: /* Objection: switch necessary for voice transmission? */

2011-07-16T12:18:26Z

Objection: switch necessary for voice transmission?

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 16 July 2011
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	That switch, when thrown to "PHONE," also closed the CW keying relay circuit. The keying relay, therefore, was energized continuously when the rig was switched to "PHONE."		That switch, when thrown to "PHONE," also closed the CW keying relay circuit. The keying relay, therefore, was energized continuously when the rig was switched to "PHONE."

	That way, the radio was ready to transmit on voice. It was NOT "keyed" on voice until the mic switch grounded the PTT circuit, energizing the dynamotor starter (and therefore applying high voltage) and antenna relays. The CW keying relay had to be closed to enable the tubes to function, by grounding the blocking-bias that kept them from drawing current (as well as applying screen grid voltage to the multiplier and final amplifier stages).		That way, the radio was ready to transmit on voice. It was NOT "keyed" on voice until the mic switch grounded the PTT circuit, energizing the [[dynamotor]] starter (and therefore applying high voltage) and antenna relays. The CW keying relay had to be closed to enable the tubes to function, by grounding the blocking-bias that kept them from drawing current (as well as applying screen grid voltage to the multiplier and final amplifier stages).

	To summarize: Since the transmitter operated in Push to Talk fashion (PTT) on voice, the CW keying relay had to be closed on voice. It did not operate with the PTT circuit. The ’CW-PHONE" switch closed this relay on voice. The key closed it on CW, AFTER the "CW-PHONE" switch was thrown to CW mode. The switch had to be returned to "PHONE" to RECEIVE ON CW, in order to de-energize the antenna relay and dynamotor.		To summarize: Since the transmitter operated in Push to Talk fashion (PTT) on voice, the CW keying relay had to be closed on voice. It did not operate with the PTT circuit. The ’CW-PHONE" switch closed this relay on voice. The key closed it on CW, AFTER the "CW-PHONE" switch was thrown to CW mode. The switch had to be returned to "PHONE" to RECEIVE ON CW, in order to de-energize the antenna relay and [[dynamotor]].

	The transmitter DID NOT operate in "break-in" style on CW (the equivalent to push-to-talk operation on voice).		The transmitter DID NOT operate in "break-in" style on CW (the equivalent to push-to-talk operation on voice).

Moleski: /* Two keys--both removed? */

2009-10-13T16:09:58Z

Two keys--both removed?

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 13 October 2009
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	== Two keys--both removed? ==		== Two keys--both removed? ==
	"Originally the airplane had two keys. One in the cockpit on the copilot's side and the other back at the navigator's station. Both keys were left behind. One was sent to Tinus and, as I recall, Gurr had the other one. Chater in Lae makes no mention of keys one way or the other." <ref>[[Ric Gillespie]], 30 Jun 2004 [http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]</ref>		"Originally the airplane had two keys. One in the cockpit on the copilot's side and the other back at the navigator's station. Both keys were left behind. One was sent to Tinus and, as I recall, Gurr had the other one. Chater in Lae makes no mention of keys one way or the other." <ref>[[Ric Gillespie]], 30 Jun 2004 [http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]</ref>
			:''In terms of saving weight, the removal of the two keys makes sense. Once the crew was trimmed from four ([[Earhart]], [[Manning]], [[Mantz]], and [[Noonan]]) to two ([[Earhart]] and [[Noonan]]), having a key at the navigator's station was superfluous. Since neither Earhart nor Noonan were proficient in sending [[Morse Code]]<ref>[http://tighar.org/wiki/What_went_wrong#Preference_for_voice_communication_.28telephony.29 Chater Report]</ref> and intend to rely on [[voice\|voice communication]], there was no need to carry the key in the cockpit, either.''

	"The WE13C transmitter came from the factory with a provision for three crystal-controlled frequencies. Prior to the first World Flight attempt Earhart's transmitter was set up with crystals for 3105 kcs, 6210 kcs, and 500 kcs. It is true that 500 kcs was useful only for code and required a trailing wire antenna for effective propagation but for the first World Flight attempt the aircraft carried a navigator/radio operator (Harry Manning) who was adept at code and the Electra was equipped with a trailing wire antenna. Both Manning and the trailing wire were absent for the second World flight attempt. Gurr had lengthened the dorsal vee antenna in an attempt to provide a modicum of capability on 500 kcs but all he really accomplished was screwing up 310 5 and 6210. There was no reason for Earhart to carry a morse-sending key on the second attempt. She had no real capability on 500 kcs and neither she nor Noonan could send or read morse anyway."<ref>[[Ric Gillespie]], 9 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]</ref>		"The WE13C transmitter came from the factory with a provision for three crystal-controlled frequencies. Prior to the first World Flight attempt Earhart's transmitter was set up with crystals for 3105 kcs, 6210 kcs, and 500 kcs. It is true that 500 kcs was useful only for code and required a trailing wire antenna for effective propagation but for the first World Flight attempt the aircraft carried a navigator/radio operator (Harry Manning) who was adept at code and the Electra was equipped with a trailing wire antenna. Both Manning and the trailing wire were absent for the second World flight attempt. Gurr had lengthened the dorsal vee antenna in an attempt to provide a modicum of capability on 500 kcs but all he really accomplished was screwing up 310 5 and 6210. There was no reason for Earhart to carry a morse-sending key on the second attempt. She had no real capability on 500 kcs and neither she nor Noonan could send or read morse anyway."<ref>[[Ric Gillespie]], 9 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]</ref>

Moleski at 16:03, 13 October 2009

2009-10-13T16:03:56Z

Moleski at 23:50, 12 October 2009

2009-10-12T23:50:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:50, 12 October 2009
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	~~{{draft}}~~

	== Two keys--both removed? ==		== Two keys--both removed? ==
	~~''Ric thinks both keys were accounted for. He later questioned this next assertion:''~~		"Originally the airplane had two keys. One in the cockpit on the copilot's side and the other back at the navigator's station. Both keys were left behind. One was sent to Tinus and, as I recall, Gurr had the other one. Chater in Lae makes no mention of keys one way or the other." <ref>[[Ric Gillespie]], 30 Jun 2004 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]</ref>
	"Originally the airplane had two keys. One in the cockpit on the copilot's side and the other back at the navigator's station. Both keys were left behind. One was sent to Tinus and, as I recall, Gurr had the other one. Chater in Lae makes no mention of keys one way or the other" ([[Ric Gillespie]], 30 Jun 2004 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.)]

	"The WE13C transmitter came from the factory with a provision for three crystal-controlled frequencies. Prior to the first World Flight attempt Earhart's transmitter was set up with crystals for 3105 kcs, 6210 kcs, and 500 kcs. It is true that 500 kcs was useful only for code and required a trailing wire antenna for effective propagation but for the first World Flight attempt the aircraft carried a navigator/radio operator (Harry Manning) who was adept at code and the Electra was equipped with a trailing wire antenna. Both Manning and the trailing wire were absent for the second World flight attempt. Gurr had lengthened the dorsal vee antenna in an attempt to provide a modicum of capability on 500 kcs but all he really accomplished was screwing up 310 5 and 6210. There was no reason for Earhart to carry a morse-sending key on the second attempt. She had no real capability on 500 kcs and neither she nor Noonan could send or read morse anyway." [[Ric Gillespie]], 9 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]		"The WE13C transmitter came from the factory with a provision for three crystal-controlled frequencies. Prior to the first World Flight attempt Earhart's transmitter was set up with crystals for 3105 kcs, 6210 kcs, and 500 kcs. It is true that 500 kcs was useful only for code and required a trailing wire antenna for effective propagation but for the first World Flight attempt the aircraft carried a navigator/radio operator (Harry Manning) who was adept at code and the Electra was equipped with a trailing wire antenna. Both Manning and the trailing wire were absent for the second World flight attempt. Gurr had lengthened the dorsal vee antenna in an attempt to provide a modicum of capability on 500 kcs but all he really accomplished was screwing up 310 5 and 6210. There was no reason for Earhart to carry a morse-sending key on the second attempt. She had no real capability on 500 kcs and neither she nor Noonan could send or read morse anyway."<ref>[[Ric Gillespie]], 9 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]</ref>

	[[Ric Gillespie]], 5 Sep 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200009.txt Forum.]		[[Ric Gillespie]], 5 Sep 2000<ref>[http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200009.txt Forum.]</ref>

	~~Goerner: It has been alleged~~ that ~~AE left the CW~~ key ~~in Miami and that~~		== Evidence that Gurr had one key ==
	~~neither she or Noonan could send CW. Did the Earhart plane have a CW~~
	~~capability either through CW key or through depressing the voice phone, and~~
	~~what do you remember about the CW capabilities of Earhart and Noonan?~~

	~~Gurr~~: ~~Equipment had~~ CW ~~capability. Key, was taken off after Capt. Manning~~		[[Goerner]]: "It has been alleged that AE left the CW key in Miami and that neither she or Noonan could send CW. Did the Earhart plane have a CW capability either through CW key or through depressing the voice phone, and what do you remember about the CW capabilities of Earhart and Noonan?"
	~~left, as [~~neither~~] Amelia nor~~ Noonan ~~knew enough code~~. ~~I still~~ have the ~~key~~
	if you ~~want it~~?

			[[Gurr]]: "Equipment had CW capability. Key, was taken off after Capt. Manning left, as [neither] Amelia nor Noonan knew enough code. I still have the key if you want it?"<ref>[[Gurr#Questions_from_Goerner.2C_Answers_from_Gurr Questions from Goerner, answers from Gurr.]]</ref>

	~~----~~		== Evidence that Tinus had the other key ==


	In ''Amelia My Courageous Sister'' [[Carol Osborne]] reproduces the text of a 1962 letter from [[W.C. Tinus]], Vice President of Bell Telephone Laboratories:		In ''Amelia My Courageous Sister'' [[Carol Osborne]] reproduces the text of a 1962 letter from [[W.C. Tinus]], Vice President of Bell Telephone Laboratories:
Line 38:		Line 30:
	:... She was equipped for 500 kc communication originally and she did leave one item, her telegraph key, behind when she departed from Miami.		:... She was equipped for 500 kc communication originally and she did leave one item, her telegraph key, behind when she departed from Miami.

			== Objection: switch necessary for voice transmission? ==

	~~----~~		[[Mike Everette]], 5 September 2000<ref>[http://www.tighar.org/forum/Highlights101_120/highlights104.html Forum.]</ref>

	[[Mike Everette]], 5 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Highlights101_120/highlights104.html Forum.]

	After I made my posting last night I took another look at the WE-13C transmitter schematic... something I said last night wasn’t quite right. I stated that it would have been no problem for AE to leave the telegraph key behind if all she wanted was voice transmission; just unplug it and remove it from the cockpit.		After I made my posting last night I took another look at the WE-13C transmitter schematic... something I said last night wasn’t quite right. I stated that it would have been no problem for AE to leave the telegraph key behind if all she wanted was voice transmission; just unplug it and remove it from the cockpit.
Line 105:		Line 96:

	If Joe Gurr had that key I for one would like to know what happened to it. What happened to Gurr’s estate? Did he have heirs? Or was the contents of his house trashed, like I saw happen to the stuff of a recently deceased old time Ham in Durham, NC last month? Wonder if that key has ever turned up at a Hamfest someplace? Wonder if the person who has it now is aware of its origin and significance (and value)?		If Joe Gurr had that key I for one would like to know what happened to it. What happened to Gurr’s estate? Did he have heirs? Or was the contents of his house trashed, like I saw happen to the stuff of a recently deceased old time Ham in Durham, NC last month? Wonder if that key has ever turned up at a Hamfest someplace? Wonder if the person who has it now is aware of its origin and significance (and value)?

			== References ==
			<references />

	<!-- Please leave this category marker at the bottom. You may add this article to other categories if you wish -->		<!-- Please leave this category marker at the bottom. You may add this article to other categories if you wish -->
	[[Category:Radio considerations]]		[[Category:Radio considerations]]

Moleski: /* Two keys--both removed? */

2009-02-24T05:20:17Z

Two keys--both removed?

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:20, 24 February 2009
Line 6:		Line 6:

	"The WE13C transmitter came from the factory with a provision for three crystal-controlled frequencies. Prior to the first World Flight attempt Earhart's transmitter was set up with crystals for 3105 kcs, 6210 kcs, and 500 kcs. It is true that 500 kcs was useful only for code and required a trailing wire antenna for effective propagation but for the first World Flight attempt the aircraft carried a navigator/radio operator (Harry Manning) who was adept at code and the Electra was equipped with a trailing wire antenna. Both Manning and the trailing wire were absent for the second World flight attempt. Gurr had lengthened the dorsal vee antenna in an attempt to provide a modicum of capability on 500 kcs but all he really accomplished was screwing up 310 5 and 6210. There was no reason for Earhart to carry a morse-sending key on the second attempt. She had no real capability on 500 kcs and neither she nor Noonan could send or read morse anyway." [[Ric Gillespie]], 9 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]		"The WE13C transmitter came from the factory with a provision for three crystal-controlled frequencies. Prior to the first World Flight attempt Earhart's transmitter was set up with crystals for 3105 kcs, 6210 kcs, and 500 kcs. It is true that 500 kcs was useful only for code and required a trailing wire antenna for effective propagation but for the first World Flight attempt the aircraft carried a navigator/radio operator (Harry Manning) who was adept at code and the Electra was equipped with a trailing wire antenna. Both Manning and the trailing wire were absent for the second World flight attempt. Gurr had lengthened the dorsal vee antenna in an attempt to provide a modicum of capability on 500 kcs but all he really accomplished was screwing up 310 5 and 6210. There was no reason for Earhart to carry a morse-sending key on the second attempt. She had no real capability on 500 kcs and neither she nor Noonan could send or read morse anyway." [[Ric Gillespie]], 9 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]

			[[Ric Gillespie]], 5 Sep 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200009.txt Forum.]

			Goerner: It has been alleged that AE left the CW key in Miami and that
			neither she or Noonan could send CW. Did the Earhart plane have a CW
			capability either through CW key or through depressing the voice phone, and
			what do you remember about the CW capabilities of Earhart and Noonan?

			Gurr: Equipment had CW capability. Key, was taken off after Capt. Manning
			left, as [neither] Amelia nor Noonan knew enough code. I still have the key
			if you want it?

Moleski at 04:57, 24 February 2009

2009-02-24T04:57:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:57, 24 February 2009
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	{{draft}}		{{draft}}

			== Two keys--both removed? ==
			''Ric thinks both keys were accounted for. He later questioned this next assertion:''
			"Originally the airplane had two keys. One in the cockpit on the copilot's side and the other back at the navigator's station. Both keys were left behind. One was sent to Tinus and, as I recall, Gurr had the other one. Chater in Lae makes no mention of keys one way or the other" ([[Ric Gillespie]], 30 Jun 2004 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.)]

			"The WE13C transmitter came from the factory with a provision for three crystal-controlled frequencies. Prior to the first World Flight attempt Earhart's transmitter was set up with crystals for 3105 kcs, 6210 kcs, and 500 kcs. It is true that 500 kcs was useful only for code and required a trailing wire antenna for effective propagation but for the first World Flight attempt the aircraft carried a navigator/radio operator (Harry Manning) who was adept at code and the Electra was equipped with a trailing wire antenna. Both Manning and the trailing wire were absent for the second World flight attempt. Gurr had lengthened the dorsal vee antenna in an attempt to provide a modicum of capability on 500 kcs but all he really accomplished was screwing up 310 5 and 6210. There was no reason for Earhart to carry a morse-sending key on the second attempt. She had no real capability on 500 kcs and neither she nor Noonan could send or read morse anyway." [[Ric Gillespie]], 9 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]


			----


	In ''Amelia My Courageous Sister'' [[Carol Osborne]] reproduces the text of a 1962 letter from [[W.C. Tinus]], Vice President of Bell Telephone Laboratories:		In ''Amelia My Courageous Sister'' [[Carol Osborne]] reproduces the text of a 1962 letter from [[W.C. Tinus]], Vice President of Bell Telephone Laboratories:

Moleski at 00:56, 24 February 2009

2009-02-24T00:56:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:56, 24 February 2009
Line 83:		Line 83:

	If Joe Gurr had that key I for one would like to know what happened to it. What happened to Gurr’s estate? Did he have heirs? Or was the contents of his house trashed, like I saw happen to the stuff of a recently deceased old time Ham in Durham, NC last month? Wonder if that key has ever turned up at a Hamfest someplace? Wonder if the person who has it now is aware of its origin and significance (and value)?		If Joe Gurr had that key I for one would like to know what happened to it. What happened to Gurr’s estate? Did he have heirs? Or was the contents of his house trashed, like I saw happen to the stuff of a recently deceased old time Ham in Durham, NC last month? Wonder if that key has ever turned up at a Hamfest someplace? Wonder if the person who has it now is aware of its origin and significance (and value)?

			<!-- Please leave this category marker at the bottom. You may add this article to other categories if you wish -->
			[[Category:Radio considerations]]

Moleski at 23:22, 23 February 2009

2009-02-23T23:22:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:22, 23 February 2009
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	{{draft}}		{{draft}}
	In ''Amelia My Courageous Sister'' [[Carol Osborne]] reproduces the text of a 1962 letter from W.C. Tinus, Vice President of Bell Telephone Laboratories:		In ''Amelia My Courageous Sister'' [[Carol Osborne]] reproduces the text of a 1962 letter from [[W.C. Tinus]], Vice President of Bell Telephone Laboratories:

	:I was the radio engineer who was responsible for the design and installation of her radio communications equipment [at the Newark Airport, New Jersey in February, 1937] and since there is apparently still some doubt as to what her equipment consisted of, perhaps I can clear up one or two points ...		:I was the radio engineer who was responsible for the design and installation of her radio communications equipment [at the Newark Airport, New Jersey in February, 1937] and since there is apparently still some doubt as to what her equipment consisted of, perhaps I can clear up one or two points ...

Moleski at 02:06, 23 February 2009

2009-02-23T02:06:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:06, 23 February 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{draft}}		{{draft}}
			In ''Amelia My Courageous Sister'' [[Carol Osborne]] reproduces the text of a 1962 letter from W.C. Tinus, Vice President of Bell Telephone Laboratories:

			:I was the radio engineer who was responsible for the design and installation of her radio communications equipment [at the Newark Airport, New Jersey in February, 1937] and since there is apparently still some doubt as to what her equipment consisted of, perhaps I can clear up one or two points ...

			:I had been a radio operator aboard ship in my younger days and knew the importance of being able to communicate at 500 kc [kHz] over the oceans. I persuaded Miss Earhart and Mr. Putnam on this point and modified a standard three-channel Western Electric equipment of the type then being used by the airlines to provide one channel at 500 kc and the other two at around 3000 and 6000 kc [3105 and 6210 kHz] ... A simple modification also enabled transmission to be made on CW or MCW, as well as voice, and a telegraph key was provided which could be plugged in, in addition to a microphone for voice communication. It was my thought that many ships throughout the world had 500 kc radio compasses and could probably better obtain bearings if the key were held down for an extended period while radiating modulated CW (MCW).

			:I was less successful in persuading Miss Earhart of the importance of having a qualified radio operator in her crew. I had only a short period one afternoon at Newark Airport to show her and captain Manning (of the United States Lines Sea Rescue fame) how to operate the equipment.

			:... I did not see her equipment during the period between the first and second starts, but had no reason at the time to believe it had been changed.

			:Several months after her disappearance we received a small package from Pan American Airways at Miami containing her telegraph key, cord and plug, which she had left in their hangar there. Without these items she could have communicated on 500 kc by voice and could have sent out a suitable signal for direction finding by simply holding the microphone button down for a time. The remainder of her equipment peculiar to the low frequency 500 kc channel probably weighted five or ten pounds, but apparently she did not leave it in Miami or it, too, would have been returned to us.

			He ended:

			:... She was equipped for 500 kc communication originally and she did leave one item, her telegraph key, behind when she departed from Miami.


			----

	[[Mike Everette]], 5 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Highlights101_120/highlights104.html Forum.]		[[Mike Everette]], 5 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Highlights101_120/highlights104.html Forum.]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:03, 13 October 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	== Two keys--both removed? ==		== Two keys--both removed? ==
	"Originally the airplane had two keys. One in the cockpit on the copilot's side and the other back at the navigator's station. Both keys were left behind. One was sent to Tinus and, as I recall, Gurr had the other one. Chater in Lae makes no mention of keys one way or the other." <ref>[[Ric Gillespie]], 30 Jun 2004 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]</ref>		"Originally the airplane had two keys. One in the cockpit on the copilot's side and the other back at the navigator's station. Both keys were left behind. One was sent to Tinus and, as I recall, Gurr had the other one. Chater in Lae makes no mention of keys one way or the other." <ref>[[Ric Gillespie]], 30 Jun 2004 [http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]</ref>

	"The WE13C transmitter came from the factory with a provision for three crystal-controlled frequencies. Prior to the first World Flight attempt Earhart's transmitter was set up with crystals for 3105 kcs, 6210 kcs, and 500 kcs. It is true that 500 kcs was useful only for code and required a trailing wire antenna for effective propagation but for the first World Flight attempt the aircraft carried a navigator/radio operator (Harry Manning) who was adept at code and the Electra was equipped with a trailing wire antenna. Both Manning and the trailing wire were absent for the second World flight attempt. Gurr had lengthened the dorsal vee antenna in an attempt to provide a modicum of capability on 500 kcs but all he really accomplished was screwing up 310 5 and 6210. There was no reason for Earhart to carry a morse-sending key on the second attempt. She had no real capability on 500 kcs and neither she nor Noonan could send or read morse anyway."<ref>[[Ric Gillespie]], 9 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]</ref>		"The WE13C transmitter came from the factory with a provision for three crystal-controlled frequencies. Prior to the first World Flight attempt Earhart's transmitter was set up with crystals for 3105 kcs, 6210 kcs, and 500 kcs. It is true that 500 kcs was useful only for code and required a trailing wire antenna for effective propagation but for the first World Flight attempt the aircraft carried a navigator/radio operator (Harry Manning) who was adept at code and the Electra was equipped with a trailing wire antenna. Both Manning and the trailing wire were absent for the second World flight attempt. Gurr had lengthened the dorsal vee antenna in an attempt to provide a modicum of capability on 500 kcs but all he really accomplished was screwing up 310 5 and 6210. There was no reason for Earhart to carry a morse-sending key on the second attempt. She had no real capability on 500 kcs and neither she nor Noonan could send or read morse anyway."<ref>[[Ric Gillespie]], 9 September 2000 [http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/forum/Forum_Archives/200406.txt Forum.]</ref>

	[[Ric Gillespie]], 5 Sep 2000<ref>[http://www.tighar.org/forum/Forum_Archives/200009.txt Forum.]</ref>		[[Ric Gillespie]], 5 Sep 2000<ref>[http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/forum/Forum_Archives/200009.txt Forum.]</ref>

	== Evidence that Gurr had one key ==		== Evidence that Gurr had one key ==
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	== Objection: switch necessary for voice transmission? ==		== Objection: switch necessary for voice transmission? ==

	[[Mike Everette]], 5 September 2000<ref>[http://www.tighar.org/forum/Highlights101_120/highlights104.html Forum.]</ref>		[[Mike Everette]], 5 September 2000<ref>[http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/forum/Highlights101_120/highlights104.html Forum.]</ref>

	After I made my posting last night I took another look at the WE-13C transmitter schematic... something I said last night wasn’t quite right. I stated that it would have been no problem for AE to leave the telegraph key behind if all she wanted was voice transmission; just unplug it and remove it from the cockpit.		After I made my posting last night I took another look at the WE-13C transmitter schematic... something I said last night wasn’t quite right. I stated that it would have been no problem for AE to leave the telegraph key behind if all she wanted was voice transmission; just unplug it and remove it from the cockpit.
Line 79:		Line 79:
	From: Mike Everette		From: Mike Everette

	[http://www.tighar.org/forum/Highlights101_120/highlights104.html Forum.]		[http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/forum/Highlights101_120/highlights104.html Forum.]

	I had forgotten the Gurr connection with the telegraph key. It’s been a while since I last read over his letter to Goerner.		I had forgotten the Gurr connection with the telegraph key. It’s been a while since I last read over his letter to Goerner.