Ameliapedia - User contributions [en]

Nutiran

2009-02-22T11:30:16Z

Garman: ++

'''Nutiran''' is the northwestern bulbous end of [[Nikumaroro]], the area closest to the [[Landing on the Reef?|reef flat where Earhart and Noonan]] may have landed, following the evidence which from which the Gardner Island hypothesis has been built.

==Origin of name==
[[Image:clearing_Nutiran_forest.jpg|thumb|Nutiran in the late 1940s. Caption on back of the photo reads: ''Clearing operations on Nutirans forest''.<ref>[[WPHC Archives]]. Phoenix Islands District, G.&E.I.C.:- Annual Reports on. 1946-1949. WPHC 9/11 F10/18/2 Appendix X photo 10.</ref>]]
The island was called ''Nutiran'' (pronounced ''Nusiran'', echoing "New Zealand") by the Gilbertese colonists, likely because this was where the [[New Zealand Survey| New Zealand surveyors]] camped when the first working party arrived in 1938. However, one early resident said this was because the ''[[Norwich City]]'', the wreckage of which was on the reef flat nearby, was understood to have come from New Zealand.

==Geography and history==
The lagoon clearly once penetrated deeply into Nutiran. The area later filled in to become a mudflat, which is a marshy mix of mud, sand and bird guano on which a crust forms under dry conditions. It is riddled with land crab burrows and is not easy to walk upon, moreover when wet. Near the lagoon, Nutiran merges with a straightforward sandbar which may sometimes be either exposed or submerged, partially blocking the inner end of Tatiman Passage.

Nutiran was the site of John Aurndel's failed coconut planting project in the 1890s, which left ruins of structures with corrugated iron roofs noted by both survivors of the ''Norwich City'' wreck in the late 1920s and early survey teams about ten years later.

North of the mudflat/sandbar, the island reaches its highest point on Nutiran at about 15 meters, on a ridge beginning near the northwest cape and running down the east side of the island. The northern end of this ridge is solid shelving coral along with coral rubble. Further south it seems to be mostly rubble. The Nutiran ridge is fairly heavily wooded with ''buka'' (''pisonia grandis''). The fringe of the mudflat is covered by a small coconut forest. A coral shelf forms the east edge of the mudflat, behind which is thick ''scaevola,'' fronting a thin forest of ''buka''. On the west, where land was cleared and planted in the late 1940s and 1950s, there is much more coconut forest, extending out to merge with ''scaevola'' in the relative lowlands along the shore.

TIGHAR conducted cursory archaeological surveys on Nutiran in 1989, targeted on the mudflat/sandbar area, the ''buka'' forest north, east and west of the mudflat along with the ''scaevola''-laden lowlands along the western (lee) shore. A much more intensive survey was conducted in the lowlands during 1999 and the reef flat fronting Nutiran on the island's lee side has been intensively inspected on several occasions, notably in 2001 and 2007. The reef face has undergone inspection and metal detection by divers, down to about 45 meters.

==References and notes==
<references/>


[[Category:Nikumaroro|Maps]]

Nutiran

2009-02-22T02:18:59Z

Garman: tweak

The northwestern bulbous end of the island was called ''Nutiran'' (pronounced ''Nusiran'', echoing "New Zealand") by the Gilbertese colonists, likely because this was where the [[New Zealand Survey| New Zealand surveyors]] camped when the first working party arrived in 1938. However, one early resident said this was because the ''[[Norwich City]]'', the wreckage of which was on the reef flat nearby, was understood to have come from New Zealand. Nutiran was the site of John Aurndel's failed coconut planting project in the 1890s, which left ruins of structures with corrugated iron roofs noted by both survivors of the ''Norwich City'' wreck in the late 1920s and early survey teams about ten years later.

[[Image:clearing_Nutiran_forest.jpg|thumb|Nutiran in the late 1940s. Caption on back of the photo reads: ''Clearing operations on Nutirans forest''.<ref>[[WPHC Archives]]. Phoenix Islands District, G.&E.I.C.:- Annual Reports on. 1946-1949. WPHC 9/11 F10/18/2 Appendix X photo 10.</ref>]]

The lagoon clearly once penetrated deeply into Nutiran. The area later filled in to become a mudflat, which is a marshy mix of mud, sand and bird guano on which a crust forms under dry conditions. It is riddled with land crab burrows and is not easy to walk upon, moreover when wet. Near the lagoon, Nutiran merges with a straightforward sandbar which may sometimes be either exposed or submerged, partially blocking the inner end of Tatiman Passage.

North of the mudflat/sandbar, the island reaches its highest point on Nutiran at about 15 meters, on a ridge beginning near the northwest cape and running down the east side of the island. The northern end of this ridge is solid shelving coral along with coral rubble. Further south it seems to be mostly rubble. The Nutiran ridge is fairly heavily wooded with ''buka'' (''pisonia grandis''). The fringe of the mudflat is covered by a small coconut forest. A coral shelf forms the east edge of the mudflat, behind which is thick ''scaevola,'' fronting a thin forest of ''buka''. On the west, where land was cleared and planted in the late 1940s and 1950s, there is much more coconut forest, extending out to merge with ''scaevola'' in the relative lowlands along the shore.

TIGHAR conducted cursory archaeological surveys on Nutiran in 1989, targeted on the mudflat/sandbar area, the ''buka'' forest north, east and west of the mudflat along with the ''scaevola''-laden lowlands along the western (lee) shore. A much more intensive survey was conducted in the lowlands during 1999 and the reef flat fronting Nutiran on the island's lee side has been intensively inspected on several occasions, notably in 2001 and 2007. The reef face has undergone inspection and metal detection by divers, down to about 45 meters.

==References and notes==
<references/>


[[Category:Nikumaroro|Maps]]

User talk:Garman

2009-02-22T02:16:29Z

Garman: /* Photo sizes */ cmt

William,

Do as you please.

Review and edit current articles?

Flesh out Earhart/Noonan stubs?

Put your own research on the wiki?

Make connections with classic pages?

Digest material from those pages in relevant articles on the wiki?

It all needs doing. You get to pick what you think is fun and worthwhile.

THANKS!

[[User:Moleski|Moleski]] 18:25, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

::That's all? :) [[User:Garman|Garman]] 21:57, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

Meanwhile, Marty, going over the edit history of this wiki, I had not a clue you'd done so much work here. Wow! [[User:Garman|Garman]] 22:01, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

== Photo sizes ==

Thanks for the kind words.

I've been using MediaWiki for ... 4 weeks to the day. I did a page
or two in draft on Wikipedia (not suitable for publication, I decided)
and have corrected a handful of typos over the years.

I'm willing to learn from you about the right principles for photo sizing.
I'm just trying to weave the classic site and the wiki together. I
don't have a style sheet.

In the case of the construction photo, the thumbnail seemed too small to
me. It's really relevant to the article--I never imagined that the
base was so big!

The map thumbnail, on the other hand, doesn't seem as central to
the article.

[[Nutiran]] has a big picture.

[[Sextant box found on Nikumaroro]] has small pictures.

[[Maps of Nikumaroro]] has big pictures.

<nowiki>[[Image:Example.jpg|frame|300px|center]]</nowiki> seems not
to work. That's why I've been using centered tables to get the
effect. We're using 1.13.x.x. I saw that there was a 1.14
beta RC available. It might implement all the image handling
promised in the MediaWiki support pages.

[[User:Moleski|Moleski]] 21:37, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

::I do understand! First, whatever size/way is settled on should, I would think, very likely be swayed by input from Pat and Ric along with what other TIGHAR editors think.

::This said, there are reasons why one might not want to lay the "look and feel" of a static website onto a wiki. First, a wiki is "dynamically" edited, the layout is going to get shifted and nudged about quite a lot, hence simplicity can be very helpful. Second, wikis tend to be taken as more "inter-operable" than standard websites: These days, users have many and sundry display sizes. Large, centered images will often not fit onto a screen or may otherwise upset the reader's flow.

::Moreover, centered images do not "wrap" the text. With careful layout, this can be ok and worthwhile, but more often, a lack of text wrapping can easily lead to a less reader-friendly page.

::The standard is to "thumbnail" the image at the right of the page with this code:

*<code><nowiki>[[Image:snap.png|thumb|this is my caption]]</nowiki></code>

::If there are lots of images, some can be staggered on the left like this:

*<code><nowiki>[[Image:snap.png|left|thumb|this is my caption]]</nowiki></code>

::Both of these will wrap the text seamlessly.

::At first, the notion of having smaller images all the same size on a page can seem unsettling to someone thinking in terms of an editorially locked website along with the strong impact and drama a big photo can have. However, users of wiki interfaces know (or very quickly learn) they have only to click on the image to see it in its full size. This isn't "more fit or more helpful" than a standard website using a more magazine like layout, which can be wonderful (I do this on my own websites), but has to do with how wikis have developed and how they are most often used. Lastly, keeping to a standard layout format on each page makes things much easier for both editors and readers and tends to draw them more deeply into the content. So, anything goes as to how a wiki might be layed out, but there are reasons why sticking to some ways of doing things can make using a wiki more rewarding.

::Oh, one more thing, to stir up thinking... why try to re-weave the classic TIGHAR site, which is so cool as it is, into a "another version" of its own self on Ameliapedia, which could skirt the very benefits of having a wiki? If users want the "classic" TIGHAR web experience (which I also like very much), it's there for them.

::What do you think? [[User:Garman|Garman]] 22:11, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

:::I'll go to thumbnails right and left. I hope you don't mind photo galleries here and there:
:::*[[maps of Nikumaroro]]
:::*[[sextant box found on Nikumaroro]]

:::Thanks for the insight!

:::1. It's where most of the fundamental information already is. I don't want to reinvent the wheel. I do want to add value. See the summary table in [[Earhart]] that I did yesterday. It's from Ric's article. See also the draft I just started on [[failure to communicate]].

:::2. It's easier to get folks cooperating on the wiki. The website (apart from the Forum) is essentially a one-woman show. The wiki will allow lots more TIGHAR researchers to share what they've found. See, for example, [[Bones II]] and the articles that Tom King put up (they're not on the classic site). The intra-wiki links make the information in the wiki more accessible, too.

:::3. I'd rather go at a reworking of the information that leaves the classic site untouched for those who prefer the classic site. No need to rile the natives. I think the project is worth the time I have and will invest in it because, as Siddhartha said to Mara, "Some will understand." :o)

:::[[User:Moleski|Moleski]] 01:01, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

::::Galleries are wonderful! They very much fit the clickable image notion of a wiki. I forgot to say, any logged in user can change the default size of thumbnail they see (without changing anyone else's default size) in their user preferences. Some readers will already be familiar with this option, from having used other wikis.

::::Yes, the classic site is its own world (articles here can link to it and one day, I glark, it will very likely link over here). I see nothing untowards about bringing over lots of information from the classic TIGHAR site, as TIGHAR editors along with Pat and Ric may see fit over time. The classic site does what it does in a helpful way, the wiki will do what ''it'' does in a helpful way and the two can easily thrive together. As you hint, as this Ameliapedia grows, folks will come to understand it more: Both will likely be enhanced by this, yet each will/should stand on their own. [[User:Garman|Garman]] 02:04, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

:::::Help! I've been refactored! :-O
:::::And hit my first edit conflict. WHEE! It's great not to be the only one here. Thanks!
:::::Refactoring is what I'm doing to the TIGHAR website--without altering it. See [[signal strength]]. There is a huge wealth of information scattered on the TIGHAR website that can be re-organized and synthesized. So the wiki allows accumulation of new information while also refactoring information already acquired.
:::::[[User:Moleski|Moleski]] 02:09, 22 February 2009 (UTC)
:::::::Yes. The presentation of information has much sway on how that information is understood and learned. The classic site will always have its lasting strengths, meanwhile the wiki will also have its many and sundry strengths, which is why having both is cool and yep, the pith of a wiki is the taking in of new information whilst building on the bones of the old (and heh heh... sometimes refactorin' them bones, too :) [[User:Garman|Garman]] 02:16, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

User talk:Garman

2009-02-22T02:06:29Z

Garman: /* Photo sizes */ cmt

User talk:Garman

2009-02-22T02:04:33Z

Garman: /* Photo sizes */ cmt

William,

Do as you please.

Review and edit current articles?

Flesh out Earhart/Noonan stubs?

Put your own research on the wiki?

Make connections with classic pages?

Digest material from those pages in relevant articles on the wiki?

It all needs doing. You get to pick what you think is fun and worthwhile.

THANKS!

[[User:Moleski|Moleski]] 18:25, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

::That's all? :) [[User:Garman|Garman]] 21:57, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

Meanwhile, Marty, going over the edit history of this wiki, I had not a clue you'd done so much work here. Wow! [[User:Garman|Garman]] 22:01, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

== Photo sizes ==

Thanks for the kind words.

I've been using MediaWiki for ... 4 weeks to the day. I did a page
or two in draft on Wikipedia (not suitable for publication, I decided)
and have corrected a handful of typos over the years.

I'm willing to learn from you about the right principles for photo sizing.
I'm just trying to weave the classic site and the wiki together. I
don't have a style sheet.

In the case of the construction photo, the thumbnail seemed too small to
me. It's really relevant to the article--I never imagined that the
base was so big!

The map thumbnail, on the other hand, doesn't seem as central to
the article.

[[Nutiran]] has a big picture.

[[Sextant box found on Nikumaroro]] has small pictures.

[[Maps of Nikumaroro]] has big pictures.

<nowiki>[[Image:Example.jpg|frame|300px|center]]</nowiki> seems not
to work. That's why I've been using centered tables to get the
effect. We're using 1.13.x.x. I saw that there was a 1.14
beta RC available. It might implement all the image handling
promised in the MediaWiki support pages.

[[User:Moleski|Moleski]] 21:37, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

::I do understand! First, whatever size/way is settled on should, I would think, very likely be swayed by input from Pat and Ric along with what other TIGHAR editors think.

::This said, there are reasons why one might not want to lay the "look and feel" of a static website onto a wiki. First, a wiki is "dynamically" edited, the layout is going to get shifted and nudged about quite a lot, hence simplicity can be very helpful. Second, wikis tend to be taken as more "inter-operable" than standard websites: These days, users have many and sundry display sizes. Large, centered images will often not fit onto a screen or may otherwise upset the reader's flow.

::Moreover, centered images do not "wrap" the text. With careful layout, this can be ok and worthwhile, but more often, a lack of text wrapping can easily lead to a less reader-friendly page.

::The standard is to "thumbnail" the image at the right of the page with this code:

*<code><nowiki>[[Image:snap.png|thumb|this is my caption]]</nowiki></code>

::If there are lots of images, some can be staggered on the left like this:

*<code><nowiki>[[Image:snap.png|left|thumb|this is my caption]]</nowiki></code>

::Both of these will wrap the text seamlessly.

::At first, the notion of having smaller images all the same size on a page can seem unsettling to someone thinking in terms of an editorially locked website along with the strong impact and drama a big photo can have. However, users of wiki interfaces know (or very quickly learn) they have only to click on the image to see it in its full size. This isn't "more fit or more helpful" than a standard website using a more magazine like layout, which can be wonderful (I do this on my own websites), but has to do with how wikis have developed and how they are most often used. Lastly, keeping to a standard layout format on each page makes things much easier for both editors and readers and tends to draw them more deeply into the content. So, anything goes as to how a wiki might be layed out, but there are reasons why sticking to some ways of doing things can make using a wiki more rewarding.

::Oh, one more thing, to stir up thinking... why try to re-weave the classic TIGHAR site, which is so cool as it is, into a "another version" of its own self on Ameliapedia, which could skirt the very benefits of having a wiki? If users want the "classic" TIGHAR web experience (which I also like very much), it's there for them.

::What do you think? [[User:Garman|Garman]] 22:11, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

:::I'll go to thumbnails right and left. I hope you don't mind photo galleries here and there:
:::*[[maps of Nikumaroro]]
:::*[[sextant box found on Nikumaroro]]

:::Thanks for the insight!

:::1. It's where most of the fundamental information already is. I don't want to reinvent the wheel. I do want to add value. See the summary table in [[Earhart]] that I did yesterday. It's from Ric's article. See also the draft I just started on [[failure to communicate]].

:::2. It's easier to get folks cooperating on the wiki. The website (apart from the Forum) is essentially a one-woman show. The wiki will allow lots more TIGHAR researchers to share what they've found. See, for example, [[Bones II]] and the articles that Tom King put up (they're not on the classic site). The intra-wiki links make the information in the wiki more accessible, too.

:::3. I'd rather go at a reworking of the information that leaves the classic site untouched for those who prefer the classic site. No need to rile the natives. I think the project is worth the time I have and will invest in it because, as Siddhartha said to Mara, "Some will understand." :o)

:::[[User:Moleski|Moleski]] 01:01, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

::::Galleries are wonderful! They very much fit the clickable image notion of a wiki. I forgot to say, any logged in user can change the default size of thumbnail they see (without changing anyone else's default size) in their user preferences. Some readers will already be familiar with this option, from having used other wikis.

::::Yes, the classic site is its own world (articles here can link to it and one day, I glark, it will very likely link over here). I see nothing untowards about bringing any and all information from the classic TIGHAR site, as TIGHAR editors along with Pat and Ric see fit. The classic site does what it does in a helpful way, the wiki will do what ''it'' does in a helpful way and the two can easily thrive together. As you hint, as this side grows, folks will come to understand it more: Both will likely be enhanced by this, yet each will/should stand on their own. [[User:Garman|Garman]] 02:04, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

User talk:Garman

2009-02-22T01:46:53Z

Garman: /* Photo sizes */ refactoring Marty's comments into one group

USCG LORAN Station

2009-02-22T01:45:07Z

Garman: swap photos

[[Image:USCG_Const_1944.jpg|thumb|1944 aerial photo taken during the construction of the Gardner Island LORAN station. Detachment "D" personnel lived in the "tent city" shown near the beach.]]
[[Image:Nikuevidence.jpg|thumb|Map of possible Earhart evidence on Nikumaroro (Gardner Island), with USCG LORAN station at far lower right. The spot was called ''Ameriki'' by the Gilbertese settlers.]]

On July 24, 1944, U.S. Coast Guard Construction Detachment D (Unit 211) arrived aboard USCG Balsam to begin construction of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LORAN LORAN] facility at the easternmost tip of [[Nikumaroro]].

LORAN stands for '''LO'''ng '''R'''ange '''A'''id to '''N'''avigation. This is a terrestrial navigation system using timed signals from pairs of transmitters allowing a receiver to calculate its position between the two transmitters. Two pairs of transmitters are needed to locate a receiver in any particular position.

The Gardner LORAN went on the air September 29, 1944 with a staff of twenty-five men as USCG Unit 92. Commanding officer Ensign [[Charles Sopko]] restricted his men to the immediate area around the station, limiting their contact with the Gilbertese colonists to prevent "fraternization."

Some time in late 1944 or early 1945 PBY supply pilot Lt. (jg) [[John Mims]] saw the Gilbertese settlers using an aircraft control cable as a heavy-duty fishing line leader. When asked where it came from, one of the Gilbertese answered, "When our people first arrived a few years ago there was an airplane here."

The Loran station was de-activated and abandoned in December 1945.

In March 1946 a Coast Guard work crew disassembled and secured the station's LORAN gear in the quonset huts which had been used as living quarters. A member of this crew, Chief Carpenter’s Mate [[Floyd Kilts]], later (1960) told a San Diego newspaper reporter that one of the Gilbertese told him of "the skeleton of a woman with American shoes and the skull of a man" found by the island's first [[PISS| settlers in 1938]].

USCG LORAN Station

2009-02-22T01:44:19Z

Garman: back to thumb

[[Image:Nikuevidence.jpg|thumb|Map of possible Earhart evidence on Nikumaroro (Gardner Island), with USCG LORAN station at far lower right. The spot was called ''Ameriki'' by the Gilbertese settlers.]] [[Image:USCG_Const_1944.jpg|thumb|1944 aerial photo taken during the construction of the Gardner Island LORAN station. Detachment "D" personnel lived in the "tent city" shown near the beach.]]

On July 24, 1944, U.S. Coast Guard Construction Detachment D (Unit 211) arrived aboard USCG Balsam to begin construction of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LORAN LORAN] facility at the easternmost tip of [[Nikumaroro]].

LORAN stands for '''LO'''ng '''R'''ange '''A'''id to '''N'''avigation. This is a terrestrial navigation system using timed signals from pairs of transmitters allowing a receiver to calculate its position between the two transmitters. Two pairs of transmitters are needed to locate a receiver in any particular position.

The Gardner LORAN went on the air September 29, 1944 with a staff of twenty-five men as USCG Unit 92. Commanding officer Ensign [[Charles Sopko]] restricted his men to the immediate area around the station, limiting their contact with the Gilbertese colonists to prevent "fraternization."

Some time in late 1944 or early 1945 PBY supply pilot Lt. (jg) [[John Mims]] saw the Gilbertese settlers using an aircraft control cable as a heavy-duty fishing line leader. When asked where it came from, one of the Gilbertese answered, "When our people first arrived a few years ago there was an airplane here."

The Loran station was de-activated and abandoned in December 1945.

In March 1946 a Coast Guard work crew disassembled and secured the station's LORAN gear in the quonset huts which had been used as living quarters. A member of this crew, Chief Carpenter’s Mate [[Floyd Kilts]], later (1960) told a San Diego newspaper reporter that one of the Gilbertese told him of "the skeleton of a woman with American shoes and the skull of a man" found by the island's first [[PISS| settlers in 1938]].

Nutiran

2009-02-22T01:43:26Z

Garman: cleanup text

The northwestern bulbous end of the island was called ''Nutiran'' (pronounced ''Nusiran'', echoing "New Zealand") by the Gilbertese colonists, likely because this was where the [[New Zealand Survey| New Zealand surveyors]] camped when the first working party arrived in 1938. However, one early resident said this was because the ''[[Norwich City]]'', the wreckage of which was on the reef flat nearby, was understood to have come from New Zealand. Nutiran was the site of John Aurndel's failed coconut planting project in the 1890s, which left ruins of structures with corrugated iron roofs noted by both survivors of the ''Norwich City'' wreck in the late 1920s and early survey teams about ten years later.

[[Image:clearing_Nutiran_forest.jpg|thumb|Nutiran in the late 1940s. Caption on back of the photo reads: ''Clearing operations on Nutirans forest''.<ref>[[WPHC Archives]]. Phoenix Islands District, G.&E.I.C.:- Annual Reports on. 1946-1949. WPHC 9/11 F10/18/2 Appendix X photo 10.</ref>]]

The lagoon clearly once penetrated deeply into Nutiran. The area later filled in to become a mudflat, which is a marshy mix of mud, sand and bird guano on which a crust forms under dry conditions. It is riddled with land crab burrows and is not easy to walk upon, moreover when wet. Near the lagoon, Nutiran merges with a straightforward sandbar which may sometimes be either exposed or submerged, partially blocking the inner end of Tatiman Passage.

North of the mudflat/sandbar, the island reaches its highest point on Nutiran at about 15 meters, on a ridge beginning near the northwest cape and running down the east side of the island. The northern end of this ridge is solid shelving coral along with coral rubble. Further south it seems to be mostly rubble. The Nutiran ridge is fairly heavily wooded with ''buka'' (''pisonia grandis''). The fringe of the mudflat is covered by a small coconut forest. A coral shelf forms the east edge of the mudflat, behind which is thick ''scaevola,'' fronting a thin forest of ''buka''. On the west, where land was cleared and planted in the late 1940s and 1950s, there is much more coconut forest, extending out to merge with ''scaevola'' in the relative lowlands along the shore.

TIGHAR conducted cursory archaeological surveys on Nutiran in 1989, targeted on the mudflat/sandbar area, the ''buka'' forest north, east and west of the mudflat along with the ''scaevola''-laden lowlands along the western (lee) shore. A much more intensive survey was conducted in the lowlands during 1999 and the reef flat fronting Nutiran on the island's lee side has been intensively inspected on several occasions, notably in 2001 and 2007. The reef face has been subjected to inspection and metal detection by divers down to about 45 meters.

==References and notes==
<references/>


[[Category:Nikumaroro|Maps]]

Nutiran

2009-02-22T01:30:14Z

Garman: photo, reflist

The northwestern bulbous end of the island was called ''Nutiran'' (pronounced "Nusiran") by the colonists, presumably because it was where the [[New Zealand Survey| New Zealand surveyors]] were camped when the first working party arrived in 1938. One early resident, however, said that it was so named because the ''[[Norwich City]]'' was understood to have come from New Zealand.

[[Image:clearing_Nutiran_forest.jpg|thumb|Nutiran in the late 1940s. Caption on back of the photo reads: ''Clearing operations on Nutirans forest''.<ref>[[WPHC Archives]]. Phoenix Islands District, G.&E.I.C.:- Annual Reports on. 1946-1949. WPHC 9/11 F10/18/2 Appendix X photo 10.</ref>]]

The lagoon clearly once penetrated deeply into Nutiran; this area is now filled in to become a mudflat. The mudflat is characterized by a marshy mix of mud, sand, and bird guano, on which a crust forms under dry conditions. It is riddled with land crab burrows, and extremely difficult to walk on, especially when wet. Near the lagoon it merges with a straightforward sandbar that is variably exposed and submerged, partially blocking the inner end of Tatiman Passage.

North of the mudflat/sandbar, the island reaches its highest point (about 15 meters) in a ridge that begins near the northwest cape and runs down the east side of the island. The northern part of this ridge is made up of solid shelving coral as well as coral rubble; farther to the south it appears to be mostly rubble. On Nutiran the ridge is fairly heavily wooded in ''buka'' (''pisonia grandis''); the immediate fringe of the mudflat is covered with coconut forest. A coral shelf forms the east edge of the mudflat, behind which is thick ''scaevola,'' fronting a thin forest of ''buka''. On the west -- where land was cleared and planted in the late 1940s and 50s -- there is much more coconut forest, extending out to merge with ''scaevola'' in the relative lowlands along the shore.

TIGHAR conducted cursory archaeological surveys on Nutiran in 1989, focusing on the mudflat/sandbar area, the ''buka'' forest north, east, and west of the mudflat, and the ''scaevola''-laden lowlands along the west (lee) shore. A much more intensive survey was conducted in the lowlands in 1999, and the reef flat fronting Nutiran on the island's lee side has been intensively inspected on several occasions, notably in 2001 and 2007. The reef face has been subjected to inspection and metal detection by divers down to about 45 meters.

[[Category:Nikumaroro|Maps]]

==References and notes==
<references/>

User talk:Garman

2009-02-21T22:23:12Z

Garman: /* Photo sizes */ +

User talk:Garman

2009-02-21T22:22:28Z

Garman: /* Photo sizes */ ++

User talk:Garman

2009-02-21T22:17:45Z

Garman: /* Photo sizes */ t

User talk:Garman

2009-02-21T22:15:00Z

Garman: /* Photo sizes */ + wrapping

User talk:Garman

2009-02-21T22:11:09Z

Garman: /* Photo sizes */ cmt

User talk:Moleski

2009-02-21T20:58:43Z

Garman: cmt

'''Important setup files'''
* [[MediaWiki:Sidebar]] -- edit navigation menu
* Modify Toolbox: [[MediaWiki:Common.js]] -- uses javascript
* [http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/index.html HTML to wiki translator]

== To do list ==
=== Content ===
* review original TIGHAR pages for images, content
* Bones Story [http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/Documents/Bones_Chronology.html Bones Chronology]. Harvest names, dates, translate into wiki format.
* Update sextant page with images, additions from EPAC.
* Check copyright registration with Pat and Ric
* Bibliography, book reviews, Ric's picks.
* Other theories, other sites? Links, maybe reviews.

=== System ===
* yum update on cron? Tom Simes says "no." See results personally.
* greylisting
* TIGHAR-specific error messages -- especially 404
* interwiki link for Wikipedia
* remove root as a login possibility?
* remove unknown?

=== Invite people ===
'''Invite particular EPAC members to do particular articles.'''
* Rypinski -- Canton
* Kar -- bones, taphonomy
* guys from the expeditions
* ... lots of others

=== Strategy for moving pages to the wiki (down the road, maybe) ===
* HTML to MediaWiki translator
* Move to content to a wiki page.
* Make the original page a redirect to the wiki page

== Free wiki skins ==
[http://mediawiki2u.com/ MediaWiki]--30 free skins

== First edit ==
11:00, 25 January 2009

== Testing time zone setting ==

:test, test, test.--[[User:Moleski|Moleski]] 04:23, 30 January 2009 (UTC)

== EPAC Members ==

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
! Name
! Specialties
! Yahoo ID
|-
|
|
|arkylabgoddess
|-
|
|
|kids2space
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Acker, Robin
| Team Physician
|igorkabuki
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Berwind, G.
|
|gberwind3
|-
|Brandenburg, Bob
|
|rlb2286
|-
|Brutlag, Doug
|
|brutavia
|-
|Burns, Kar
|
|karburns
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
|
|
|
|-
|Caldwell, Alan
|
|alancaldwell98
|-
|Carter, Bill
|
|carter
|-
|Carty, Art
|
|acarty1947
|-
|Clauss, John
|
|claussenter
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Fenlason, Veryl
|
|kittyveryl
|-
|Fuller, Craig
|
|avarc1
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Gifford, Skeet
|
|skeetg93
|-
|Gillespie, Ric
|
|tigharic
|-
|Gillespie, Josh
|
|Joshua.Jag
|-
|Glickman, Jeff
|
|jeff.glickman
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Ham, Jerry
|
|jerham9
|-
|Holm, Walt
|
|waltholm1
|-
|Hoy, Karen
|
|solander2002
|-
|Hunn, Van
|
|birdog792
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Jacobson, Randy
|
|midlife66gt
|-
|Jones, Rick (?)
|
|rickerjones
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Kelley, Roger
|
|rkelleywa
|-
|King, Tom
|
|tfking106
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Lockhart, Bill
|bottles
|bottlebill1
|-
|Love, Tommy
|
|tommy.love47
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Madio, Fred
|
|fredmadio
|-
|Mason, Dave
|
|dpmason8755
|-
|Matthews , Russ
|
|tigharuss
|-
|McKenna, Andrew
|
|ammckenna
|-
|Moleski, SJ, Marty
|
|mxmsj
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Norris, Barbara
|
|tigharbarbie
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Paige, DJ
|
|dj_paige
|-
|Parr, Ryan
| Genesis Genomics
|Ryan.Parr
|-
|Postellon, Daniel
|
|dpostellon
|-
|Pratt, J
|
|j.pratt_tighar
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Quigg, Gary
|
|gfquigg
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Reynolds, Dick
|
|ricardo282000
|-
|Roberts, Tom
|
|taroberts7
|-
|Rypinski, Art
|
|arypinsk
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Schorer, Lonnie
|
|lonnieschorer
|-
|Smith, Mark
|
|o7marks
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Tague, Kris
|
|krisrtague
|-
|Thompson, James
|
|epac_gis
|-
|Thrasher, Pat
|
|theotherpatt
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|-
|Watson, Jon
|
|racc00njw
|-
|Wheeler, D
|
|dw1w
|- style="background:#abd5f5;"
!
!
!
|}
== test .pdf ==
[[Media:2304.pdf]]

== removed multi-upload ==

The extension is not working correctly.

** Special:AWCMultiFileUploader|Multi Upload

==Hello!==
Hey Marty, I'm here! Please let me know if there's anything specific you'd like me to pitch in on. Best, [[User:Garman|Garman]] 18:11, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

==photo sizes on pages==
As to photo sizes and [http://www.tighar.org/aw/mediawiki/index.php?title=USCG_LORAN_Station&diff=2189&oldid=2173 how they fit into the layout of a wiki page], please let me have your thoughts? [[User:Garman|Garman]] 20:58, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

Frederick J. Hooven

2009-02-21T20:33:43Z

Garman: flow

'''Frederick J. Hooven''' (born 5 March 1905, Dayton, Ohio - died 5 February 1985) was an engineer and inventor.

When he was five years old Hooven met Orville Wright and by age fifteen he was a regular visitor to the Wrights brothers' Dayton laboratory. Hooven graduated from MIT in 1927 and went to work for General Motors as an engineer. In 1935 he became vice president and chief engineer of the radio products division of [[Bendix Aviation]] Corporation. where he developed the [[Hooven Radio Compass]], which is still known as the [[Automatic Direction Finder]] (or ADF). Hooven installed one of the protoype units in Earhart’s Electra 10E in 1936, however Earhart swapped this unit out with a lighter, earlier system. This was partly to save weight for more fuel, but there may have been other reasons, such as her lack of understanding the need for and problems which could be foreseen in using radio navigation to find Howland Island. Her failure to find the island with the equipment on board the aircraft is likely the main reason for her disappearance and this has been cited as a flaw in planning.

When he died, Hooven held 53 patents in fields such as avionics, bombsights, automotive ignition and suspension systems, photographic typesetting and medical technology. In 1986 he was posthumously awarded the Robert Fletcher Award for "distinguished achievement and service" by the Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College.

==External links==
* [http://www.nae.edu/nae/naepub.nsf/Members+By+UNID/F6B9CC1A84C1B06886257552006B3350?opendocument 1979 Election citation for the National Academy of Engineering] ("Development of the first heart-lung machine, first electronic typesetting, first controlled system for unmanned flight, and an improved automotive front-wheel drive system.")
* [http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/Documents/Hooven_Report/HoovenReport.html The Hooven Report]

Frederick J. Hooven

2009-02-21T20:29:48Z

Garman: cleanup

'''Frederick J. Hooven''' (born 5 March 1905, Dayton, Ohio - died 5 February 1985) was an engineer and inventor.

At age five, Hooven met Orville Wright and by age fifteen he was a regular visitor to the Wrights brothers' Dayton laboratory. Hooven graduated from MIT in 1927 and went to work for General Motors as an engineer. In 1935 he became vice president and chief engineer of the radio products division of [[Bendix Aviation]] Corporation. where he developed the [[Hooven Radio Compass]], which is still known as the [[Automatic Direction Finder]] (or ADF). Hooven installed one of the protoype units in Earhart’s Electra 10E in 1936, however Earhart swapped this unit out with a lighter, earlier system. This was partly to save weight for more fuel, but there may have been other reasons, such as her lack of understanding the need for and problems which could be foreseen in using radio navigation to find Howland Island. Her failure to find the island with the equipment on board the aircraft is likely the main reason for her disappearance and this has been cited as a flaw in planning.

When he died, Hooven held 53 patents in fields such as avionics, bombsights, automotive ignition and suspension systems, photographic typesetting and medical technology. In 1986 he was posthumously awarded the Robert Fletcher Award for "distinguished achievement and service" by the Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College.

==External links==
* [http://www.nae.edu/nae/naepub.nsf/Members+By+UNID/F6B9CC1A84C1B06886257552006B3350?opendocument 1979 Election citation for the National Academy of Engineering] ("Development of the first heart-lung machine, first electronic typesetting, first controlled system for unmanned flight, and an improved automotive front-wheel drive system.")
* [http://www.tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/Documents/Hooven_Report/HoovenReport.html The Hooven Report]

User talk:Rickerjones

2009-02-21T20:09:51Z

Garman: thanks

==sextant dates==
{{hint|Thanks for the fixup on the sextant dates. Much nicer!|[[User:Moleski|Moleski]] 20:09, 9 February 2009 (UTC)}}

==LORAN photo==
Thanks for the wonderful photo at [[USCG_LORAN_Station]]! [[User:Garman|Garman]] 20:09, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

Patrick Donald MacDonald

2009-02-21T01:55:21Z

Garman: + dab

'''Patrick Donald MacDonald''', nicknamed '''Paddy''' (born 21 July 1909, Bells Hill, Scotland - died June 1987, Surrey, England)<ref>Death registered in Surrey South-Western, v. 17, p. 1313</ref>) was the British colonial secretary of the [[Western Pacific High Commission]] in Fiji and is believed to have likely known "everything there was to know about the [[Bones found on Nikumaroro| bones found on Nikumaroro]]."

==Colonial secretary WPHC==
On 8 April 1940 MacDonald became acting assistant secretary WPHC under Vaskess.<ref name="pf">WPHC personnel file. TIGHAR's copy of Macdonald's personnel file ends with the 24 April 1941 entry.</ref>, taking the job over from Harry Maude, who had been seconded to Pitcarn<ref>Woodburn, ''Where Our Hearts Still Lie''</ref> On 2nd May 1940 he relinquished this post and on 24 May became acting secretary until 11 July when he again became acting assistant secretary,<ref name="pf"/> likely having stood in for Vaskess while he was on leave or secondment. MacDonald went on vacation leave during 14-28th October 1940. From 11 to 19 November he traveled to Samoa and Tonga. On 11 December he again became acting secretary to WPHC and seems to have carried on in this post until 2 July 1941, when his personnel file noted he "resumed duty in substantive post... statement of pensionable service instrument(?) in GEIC."<ref>Does this mean he was back on Ocean or Tarawa?</ref>

On 24 April 1941 he "proceeded(?) on duty with HC [high commissioner] to BSIP [British Solomon Islands Protectorate] & HH [unknown]."<ref name="pf"/> On 20 April he sailed on the ''Viti'' with "Dr. Macpherson, Tomblings and Paddy Macdonald" for the Solomons. They got back on 14 May.<ref name="ssd">Maude, Sir Harry, ''A South Seas Diary'', page 179</ref>

In 1941 MacDonald rose from assistant secretary to colonial secretary, a prestigious and important position. [[Ron Gatty]] later recalled, "The Governor was a ceremonial figure and might set policy, but the Colonial Secretary was the CEO. He had three telephones on his desk, gave orders, and approved spending. Paddy was pretty damn good." [[Tofiga]] remembered Paddy as "fair, firm and meticulous."

MacDonald took the bones from [[Hoodless]]' office at FSM in the summer of 1941. In 1978, as colonial secretary, he was in charge of boxing things up. The acting archivist ([[Burne]]) had retired (or quit) in 1976 until at least 6 April 1978. Lists of files were drawn up and typed. The files were then packed in small archive boxes, no more than 5 files to a box. The small boxes were then stacked in a wooden packing crate where they fit perfectly, with no need for any kind of straw or other packing material. The files and office equipment were sent to London.

MacDonald may have had a part-interest in the Grand Pacific Hotel. [[Ron Gatty]] saw him there acting in a humble role, maybe as manager or desk clerk.

==Family==
MacDonald's wife Delia Edith MacDonald was born 3 Aug 1913 in Westcliff, England and died in November 1994 at Hove, Sussex. His son Neil Mateson MacDonald was born in Auckland, New Zealand in 1940 or 1941. His daughter Hillary was born in about 1947. She later became Hillary Roberts and lived in Bermuda until November 2007.<ref>She might be contacted through the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club.</ref> MacDonald had another daughter named Sally.

==Notes and references==
<references/>

Western Pacific High Commission

2009-02-21T01:54:39Z

Garman: /* Bruce T. Burne */ t

== Notes from [[Bones II]] ==
* The WPHC provided a High Court for the region.
* Some WPHC things were crated up and stored in two sites during the war, but not the whole office. The WPHC had a concrete strong room that they figured was adequate for all but a direct hit (Tofiga; confirmed by size of door for the strong room--it was a half-ton; figure given in shipping manifests for the move to Honiara).
* The [[WPHC Numbering System| numbering system for files]] changed during the war. [[Henry Harrison Vaskess|Vaskess]] didn't like the change (Tofiga). If a paper came in and no old file was found, a new file would be opened. Perhaps there is a second bone file from after the changeover in the numbering system. Some files were given new numbers, some weren't.
* The WPHC files were split between Fiji and the Solomon Islands when Britain appointed a Governor of Fiji (circa 1953). The WPHC moved to Honiara on Guadalcanal in 1952. After the split there were two archives and two archivists.
* [[Foua Tofiga]] worked on closing the WPHC in 1978. The last files were packed in August of that year. Files that originated in Tarawa were sent to Tarawa. Files that originated in Suva went to [[Hanslope Park]] and then to [[WPHC Archives| Auckland]].

=== Patrick D. "Paddy" MacDonald ===
* [[Patrick D. MacDonald| MacDonald]] appears in the bones file as the person who carried the bones to [[David Winn Hoodless, MD| Hoodless]].
* He was the person who was in charge of the [[WPHC Archives]] when they were packed for shipment to England.

=== Bruce T. Burne ===
* [[Bruce T. Burne|Burne]] worked with MacDonald early in the process of packing the archival materials for shipment.
* Foua Tofiga said that Macdonald did long lists of all of the materials to be packed.

=== British High Commission in Fiji ===
* The BHC is quite confident that there is nothing at all about the case in their records. They effectively said, "Please go away and don't come back."

== WPHC Chronology ==
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding = 5
|-
!Date
!Event
|-
| 1877
| Founded by an Order in Council.
|-
| 1900
| Solomon Islands, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, the New Hebrides, Tonga and Pitcairn
|-
| 1941-42
| Resident Commissioners' correspondence lost for GEIC & BSIP because of Japanese capture of Tarawa.
|-
| 1942
| [[Sir Harry Charles Luke, KCMG (1884-1969)| Sir Harry Luke]] leaves Fiji.
|-
| 1944
| The British Return to Tarawa.
|-
| 1945
| Peace in the Pacific (GBG’s trunk).
|-
| 1952
| WPHC Moved to Honiara (an "outpost of nothing"--Gatty).
|-
| 1954
| * Central Archives Open in Suva, Fiji * Records Destroyed at FSM by Acting Director (!)
|-
| 1970
| Fiji gains independence.
|-
| 1972
| GEIC removed from [[WPHC]].
|-
| 1973
| New Hebrides removed from [[WPHC]].
|-
| 1976
| * Archival process begins ([[Patrick D. MacDonald| Paddy MacDonald in charge]]). * Kirbati and Tuvalu split.
|-
| 1978
| * Archives separated: GB, Tarawa, Honiara, Funafuti. * Tuvalu independence.
|-
| 1978
|WPHC defunct.
|-
| 1979
|Kiribati independence.
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|
'''High Commissioner & Governor General of Fiji'''
|-
| 1942
|[[Sir Harry Charles Luke, KCMG (1884-1969)| Sir Harry Luke]] left Suva on July 20.
|-
| 1942-1945
|Major-General Sir Philip Even Mitchell, KCMG, MC, appointed Governor of Fiji July 22, 1942. "I came out here not to govern but to wage war." That's all he did. He didn't last long. They appointed another High Commissioner when the war moved away from Fiji.
|-
| 1945-1947
|Sir Alexander William George Herder Grantham appointed Jan 1.
|-
| 1947-1952
|Sir Leslie Brian Freeston, KCMG, OBE November 22, 1947 until Jan 29, 1952.
|-
| 1952...
|Sir Ronald Herbert Garvey, KCMG, MBE. Governor-designate. Took office on February 5, 1952.
|}

== WPHC Numbering System ==
There was a significant [[WPHC Numbering System| rearrangement of the WPHC filing system]] during the war years.

== Notes on the Move to Honiara ==

<pre>
1229114 WPHC 9/II F.10/49/1 WPHC Arrangements for the
move to Honiara--General Considerations

[This file is arranged in book order.]

Minute 1: "The documentary accumulation of years in these
offices is very considerable and it may well be that some
part of it could be destroyed and some left in Fiji for
safe custody at least until such time as it is convenient
to move it across. We do not want to clutter ourselves
up with anything that is not essential to the smooth
working of the combined Secretariat." H.E. 19.7.52

RCS Stanley was the H.C.

P. 20 Minute A: to CS from FAS: "... it was decided that
all records after 1920 should be regarded as 'live.' The
remainder of the current records being provisionally
'dead.' In packing arrangements we should attempt to
get the dead files out of the way and pack them separately.
Current files should be packed last ..."

11 Oct 1952: 'Dead' files to be taken to Honiara, not
left in Suva.

28th Oct 1952: They're planning to bring the strong room
door from Suva to Honiara.

Departure of HC for Honiara: 15 December 1952.

F.10/49/2 General considerations, vol II.

F.10/49/6 Movement of Records from Suva to Honiara

Calculates size of storage spaces needed to house
current records, with room for growth. The strong
room has only 300 cubic feet of cupboard and filing
cabinet space and 400 cubic feet of shelf space.

358 cubic feet for records from 1920 onwards.

Shipping inventory for materials sent to Honiara
(18 pages).

Inventory of a camphor wood box labelled "High
Commissioner's Office, Personal and Urgent."

One of the secret files: 41/2 Roman Catholic Mission.

List of Residual Files. [I don't know what that means.
Seems to be stuff left behind for Suva. For example,
Foua Tofiga's Confidential Personal File is left behind.]

Box lists for Files.

Box contents for ASP, Financial Secretary.

Packing cases contents ... Many other such lists ...

OK, I've looked at every page. I'm pretty sure they didn't
ship the bones & sextant box to Honiara with this material.
But they're not noted as left behind, either.

F.10/49/8 Residual functions of the WPHC in Suva ...

Printing, Receptioning, Artisans & Marine. P. 21:
Continuation of survey of pre-1920 records ...
p. 30 Finish physical transfer to the Fiji government
of all the remaining WPHC property in Suva.
"You should also arrange for the sale by public
auction, or by tender, whichever appears to be
likely to produce the best prices, all the equipment
left in the WPHC buildings which is not to be taken
over by Fiji Government, e.g., obsolete refrigerators,
mirrors, etc." (Suva, 7 March, 1953).

Correspondence follows approving the sale of paving blocks,
bedding, other furniture.

Item 43: List of office furniture left in WPHC Offices
(20.3.53).

Residual Office closed 26 May 1953. Two keys to the
WPHC archives & strongroom. The last thing to be
sold is Marquand's refrigerator after he hauls outta
town.

F.10/49/10 Shipping and Customs Arrangements in Suva.

Two or three motor cars and two bullocks will be shipped.

17.5 tons of office records shipped.

The safe door weighed 1/2 ton.

2 bullocks and six bales of hay.

1 crate of hens.

The actual bills of lading are in this file. I
just sampled the stack. It seems unlikely that
a box of bones would be declared. Contents are
listed very generically: household items,
furniture, bullocks, etc.

WPHC Archive in Auckland, NZ
</pre>

== Transfer of materials from Honiara to Suva (1962) ==

'''1229800 WPHC 20A F.211/2/5''' Archives and Records. General.

Preparations are being made in 1962 to send materials to Suva, where A. I. Diamond is now the archivist.

''[This is a classic minutes & letters file--structured like the bones.]''

The file opens with a note about the finding of the BSIP Resident Commissioner's original war diary (circa 1962) and ends with a discussion of costs for the new Central Archives building in Suva in 1967. W.S. Marchant was deceased at the time the diary came to light.

A. I. Diamond's article on "The Establishment of the Central Archives of Fiji and the WPHC" is here.

Some census files and some naval reports have gotten lost ...

The war diary contains some uncomplimentary remarks about some persons still living. "The papers will accordingly require to be handled with appropriate discretion."

== Links ==
* [http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/library/Paclaw/WesternPacific/Background.html Short history of WPHC.]

Western Pacific High Commission

2009-02-21T01:54:07Z

Garman: /* Patrick D. "Paddy" MacDonald */ t

== Notes from [[Bones II]] ==
* The WPHC provided a High Court for the region.
* Some WPHC things were crated up and stored in two sites during the war, but not the whole office. The WPHC had a concrete strong room that they figured was adequate for all but a direct hit (Tofiga; confirmed by size of door for the strong room--it was a half-ton; figure given in shipping manifests for the move to Honiara).
* The [[WPHC Numbering System| numbering system for files]] changed during the war. [[Henry Harrison Vaskess|Vaskess]] didn't like the change (Tofiga). If a paper came in and no old file was found, a new file would be opened. Perhaps there is a second bone file from after the changeover in the numbering system. Some files were given new numbers, some weren't.
* The WPHC files were split between Fiji and the Solomon Islands when Britain appointed a Governor of Fiji (circa 1953). The WPHC moved to Honiara on Guadalcanal in 1952. After the split there were two archives and two archivists.
* [[Foua Tofiga]] worked on closing the WPHC in 1978. The last files were packed in August of that year. Files that originated in Tarawa were sent to Tarawa. Files that originated in Suva went to [[Hanslope Park]] and then to [[WPHC Archives| Auckland]].

=== Patrick D. "Paddy" MacDonald ===
* [[Patrick D. MacDonald| MacDonald]] appears in the bones file as the person who carried the bones to [[David Winn Hoodless, MD| Hoodless]].
* He was the person who was in charge of the [[WPHC Archives]] when they were packed for shipment to England.

=== Bruce T. Burne ===
* [[Bruce T. Burne| Burne worked with MacDonald early in the process of packing the archival materials for shipment.
* Foua Tofiga said that Macdonald did long lists of all of the materials to be packed.

=== British High Commission in Fiji ===
* The BHC is quite confident that there is nothing at all about the case in their records. They effectively said, "Please go away and don't come back."

== WPHC Chronology ==
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding = 5
|-
!Date
!Event
|-
| 1877
| Founded by an Order in Council.
|-
| 1900
| Solomon Islands, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, the New Hebrides, Tonga and Pitcairn
|-
| 1941-42
| Resident Commissioners' correspondence lost for GEIC & BSIP because of Japanese capture of Tarawa.
|-
| 1942
| [[Sir Harry Charles Luke, KCMG (1884-1969)| Sir Harry Luke]] leaves Fiji.
|-
| 1944
| The British Return to Tarawa.
|-
| 1945
| Peace in the Pacific (GBG’s trunk).
|-
| 1952
| WPHC Moved to Honiara (an "outpost of nothing"--Gatty).
|-
| 1954
| * Central Archives Open in Suva, Fiji * Records Destroyed at FSM by Acting Director (!)
|-
| 1970
| Fiji gains independence.
|-
| 1972
| GEIC removed from [[WPHC]].
|-
| 1973
| New Hebrides removed from [[WPHC]].
|-
| 1976
| * Archival process begins ([[Patrick D. MacDonald| Paddy MacDonald in charge]]). * Kirbati and Tuvalu split.
|-
| 1978
| * Archives separated: GB, Tarawa, Honiara, Funafuti. * Tuvalu independence.
|-
| 1978
|WPHC defunct.
|-
| 1979
|Kiribati independence.
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|
'''High Commissioner & Governor General of Fiji'''
|-
| 1942
|[[Sir Harry Charles Luke, KCMG (1884-1969)| Sir Harry Luke]] left Suva on July 20.
|-
| 1942-1945
|Major-General Sir Philip Even Mitchell, KCMG, MC, appointed Governor of Fiji July 22, 1942. "I came out here not to govern but to wage war." That's all he did. He didn't last long. They appointed another High Commissioner when the war moved away from Fiji.
|-
| 1945-1947
|Sir Alexander William George Herder Grantham appointed Jan 1.
|-
| 1947-1952
|Sir Leslie Brian Freeston, KCMG, OBE November 22, 1947 until Jan 29, 1952.
|-
| 1952...
|Sir Ronald Herbert Garvey, KCMG, MBE. Governor-designate. Took office on February 5, 1952.
|}

== WPHC Numbering System ==
There was a significant [[WPHC Numbering System| rearrangement of the WPHC filing system]] during the war years.

== Notes on the Move to Honiara ==

<pre>
1229114 WPHC 9/II F.10/49/1 WPHC Arrangements for the
move to Honiara--General Considerations

[This file is arranged in book order.]

Minute 1: "The documentary accumulation of years in these
offices is very considerable and it may well be that some
part of it could be destroyed and some left in Fiji for
safe custody at least until such time as it is convenient
to move it across. We do not want to clutter ourselves
up with anything that is not essential to the smooth
working of the combined Secretariat." H.E. 19.7.52

RCS Stanley was the H.C.

P. 20 Minute A: to CS from FAS: "... it was decided that
all records after 1920 should be regarded as 'live.' The
remainder of the current records being provisionally
'dead.' In packing arrangements we should attempt to
get the dead files out of the way and pack them separately.
Current files should be packed last ..."

11 Oct 1952: 'Dead' files to be taken to Honiara, not
left in Suva.

28th Oct 1952: They're planning to bring the strong room
door from Suva to Honiara.

Departure of HC for Honiara: 15 December 1952.

F.10/49/2 General considerations, vol II.

F.10/49/6 Movement of Records from Suva to Honiara

Calculates size of storage spaces needed to house
current records, with room for growth. The strong
room has only 300 cubic feet of cupboard and filing
cabinet space and 400 cubic feet of shelf space.

358 cubic feet for records from 1920 onwards.

Shipping inventory for materials sent to Honiara
(18 pages).

Inventory of a camphor wood box labelled "High
Commissioner's Office, Personal and Urgent."

One of the secret files: 41/2 Roman Catholic Mission.

List of Residual Files. [I don't know what that means.
Seems to be stuff left behind for Suva. For example,
Foua Tofiga's Confidential Personal File is left behind.]

Box lists for Files.

Box contents for ASP, Financial Secretary.

Packing cases contents ... Many other such lists ...

OK, I've looked at every page. I'm pretty sure they didn't
ship the bones & sextant box to Honiara with this material.
But they're not noted as left behind, either.

F.10/49/8 Residual functions of the WPHC in Suva ...

Printing, Receptioning, Artisans & Marine. P. 21:
Continuation of survey of pre-1920 records ...
p. 30 Finish physical transfer to the Fiji government
of all the remaining WPHC property in Suva.
"You should also arrange for the sale by public
auction, or by tender, whichever appears to be
likely to produce the best prices, all the equipment
left in the WPHC buildings which is not to be taken
over by Fiji Government, e.g., obsolete refrigerators,
mirrors, etc." (Suva, 7 March, 1953).

Correspondence follows approving the sale of paving blocks,
bedding, other furniture.

Item 43: List of office furniture left in WPHC Offices
(20.3.53).

Residual Office closed 26 May 1953. Two keys to the
WPHC archives & strongroom. The last thing to be
sold is Marquand's refrigerator after he hauls outta
town.

F.10/49/10 Shipping and Customs Arrangements in Suva.

Two or three motor cars and two bullocks will be shipped.

17.5 tons of office records shipped.

The safe door weighed 1/2 ton.

2 bullocks and six bales of hay.

1 crate of hens.

The actual bills of lading are in this file. I
just sampled the stack. It seems unlikely that
a box of bones would be declared. Contents are
listed very generically: household items,
furniture, bullocks, etc.

WPHC Archive in Auckland, NZ
</pre>

== Transfer of materials from Honiara to Suva (1962) ==

'''1229800 WPHC 20A F.211/2/5''' Archives and Records. General.

Preparations are being made in 1962 to send materials to Suva, where A. I. Diamond is now the archivist.

''[This is a classic minutes & letters file--structured like the bones.]''

The file opens with a note about the finding of the BSIP Resident Commissioner's original war diary (circa 1962) and ends with a discussion of costs for the new Central Archives building in Suva in 1967. W.S. Marchant was deceased at the time the diary came to light.

A. I. Diamond's article on "The Establishment of the Central Archives of Fiji and the WPHC" is here.

Some census files and some naval reports have gotten lost ...

The war diary contains some uncomplimentary remarks about some persons still living. "The papers will accordingly require to be handled with appropriate discretion."

== Links ==
* [http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/library/Paclaw/WesternPacific/Background.html Short history of WPHC.]

User talk:Garman

2009-02-20T22:01:31Z

Garman: wow, Marty!

User talk:Garman

2009-02-20T21:57:35Z

Garman: c

Patrick Donald MacDonald

2009-02-20T21:52:24Z

Garman: now prose

'''Patrick Donald MacDonald''', nicknamed '''Paddy''' (born 21 July 1909, Bells Hill, Scotland - died June 1987, Surrey, England)<ref>Death registered in Surrey South-Western, v. 17, p. 1313</ref>) was the British colonial secretary of Fiji and is believed to have likely known "everything there was to know about the [[Bones found on Nikumaroro| bones found on Nikumaroro]]."

==Colonial secretary WPHC==
On 8 April 1940 MacDonald became acting assistant secretary WPHC under Vaskess.<ref name="pf">WPHC personnel file. TIGHAR's copy of Macdonald's personnel file ends with the 24 April 1941 entry.</ref>, taking the job over from Harry Maude, who had been seconded to Pitcarn<ref>Woodburn, ''Where Our Hearts Still Lie''</ref> On 2nd May 1940 he relinquished this post and on 24 May became acting secretary until 11 July when he again became acting assistant secretary,<ref name="pf"/> likely having stood in for Vaskess while he was on leave or secondment. MacDonald went on vacation leave during 14-28th October 1940. From 11 to 19 November he traveled to Samoa and Tonga. On 11 December he again became acting secretary to WPHC and seems to have carried on in this post until 2 July 1941, when his personnel file noted he "resumed duty in substantive post... statement of pensionable service instrument(?) in GEIC."<ref>Does this mean he was back on Ocean or Tarawa?</ref>

On 24 April 1941 he "proceeded(?) on duty with HC [high commissioner] to BSIP [British Solomon Islands Protectorate] & HH [unknown]."<ref name="pf"/> On 20 April he sailed on the ''Viti'' with "Dr. Macpherson, Tomblings and Paddy Macdonald" for the Solomons. They got back on 14 May.<ref name="ssd">Maude, Sir Harry, ''A South Seas Diary'', page 179</ref>

In 1941 MacDonald rose from assistant secretary to colonial secretary, a prestigious and important position. [[Ron Gatty]] later recalled, "The Governor was a ceremonial figure and might set policy, but the Colonial Secretary was the CEO. He had three telephones on his desk, gave orders, and approved spending. Paddy was pretty damn good." [[Tofiga]] remembered Paddy as "fair, firm and meticulous."

MacDonald took the bones from [[Hoodless]]' office at FSM in the summer of 1941. In 1978, as colonial secretary, he was in charge of boxing things up. The acting archivist ([[Burne]]) had retired (or quit) in 1976 until at least 6 April 1978. Lists of files were drawn up and typed. The files were then packed in small archive boxes, no more than 5 files to a box. The small boxes were then stacked in a wooden packing crate where they fit perfectly, with no need for any kind of straw or other packing material. The files and office equipment were sent to London.

MacDonald may have had a part-interest in the Grand Pacific Hotel. [[Ron Gatty]] saw him there acting in a humble role, maybe as manager or desk clerk.

==Family==
MacDonald's wife Delia Edith MacDonald was born 3 Aug 1913 in Westcliff, England and died in November 1994 at Hove, Sussex. His son Neil Mateson MacDonald was born in Auckland, New Zealand in 1940 or 1941. His daughter Hillary was born in about 1947. She later became Hillary Roberts and lived in Bermuda until November 2007.<ref>She might be contacted through the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club.</ref> MacDonald had another daughter named Sally.

==Notes and references==
<references/>

Patrick Donald MacDonald

2009-02-20T21:34:38Z

Garman: t

'''Patrick Donald MacDonald''', nicknamed '''Paddy''' (born 21 July 1909, Bells Hill, Scotland - died June 1987, Surrey, England)<ref>Death registered in Surrey South-Western, v. 17, p. 1313</ref>) was the colonial secretary and is believed to have likely known "everything there was to know about the [[Bones found on Nikumaroro| bones found on Nikumaroro]]."

On 8 April 1940 MacDonald became acting assistant secretary WPHC under Vaskess.<ref name="pf">WPHC personnel file</ref>, taking the job over from Harry Maude, who had been seconded to Pitcarn<ref>Woodburn, ''Where Our Hearts Still Lie''</ref> On 2nd May 1940 he relinquished this post and on 24 May became acting secretary until 11 July when he again became acting assistant secretary,<ref name="pf"/> likely having stood in for Vaskess while he was on leave or secondment. MacDonald went on vacation leave during 14-28th October 1940. From 11 to 19 November he traveled to Samoa and Tonga. On 11 December he again became acting secretary to WPHC and seems to have carried on in this post until 2 July 1941, when his personnel file noted he "resumed duty in substantive post... statement of pensionable service instrument(?) in GEIC."<ref>Does this mean he was back on Ocean or Tarawa?</ref>

In 1941 MacDonald rose from assistant secretary to colonial secretary, a prestigious and important position. [[Ron Gatty]] later recalled, "The Governor was a ceremonial figure and might set policy, but the Colonial Secretary was the CEO. He had three telephones on his desk, gave orders, and approved spending. Paddy was pretty damn good."

*24th April 1941 personnel file says he "proceeded(?) on duty with HC (sic: High Commissioner) to BSIP & HH." BSIP would be British Solomon Islands Protectorate; don't know about HH. Sir Harry, on page 179 of "From a South Seas Diary," notes that on 20th April he sailed on ''Viti'' with "Dr. Macpherson, Tomblings and Paddy Macdonald" for the Solomons; they got back on 14th May. Our copy of Macdonald's personnel file ends with the 24th April 1941 entry.
* Took the bones from the office to Hoodless at FSM in summer of 1941.
* Colonial Secretary and in charge of boxing things up in 1978. Acting Archivist from the time that [[Burne]] retired (or quit) in 1976 until at least April 6, 1978.
* Both files and office equipment were sent to London. Lists of files were drawn up and typed. They were then packed in small archive boxes--no more than 5 files to a box. The small boxes were then stacked in a wooden packing crate. They fit perfectly, with no need of any kind of straw or other packing material.
* Tofiga remembers Paddy as "fair, firm and meticulous."
* Ron Gatty:
* Daughters: Hillary and Sally? Hillary is now Hillary Roberts, living in Bermuda as of 2007 (See below). She worked for BOAC and got reduced fare flights for her father ([[Ron Gatty|RG]]).
* May have had a part-interest in the Grand Pacific Hotel. [[Ron Gatty]] saw him there in a humble role--acting, perhaps, as the manager or desk clerk.
* Died in the late 1990s?
* .
* Employed by WPHC from ~1941 to 1978.

== Family ==
* Wife: Delia Edith MacDonald (3 Aug 1913, Westcliff, England, to November, 1994, in Hove, Sussex).
* Son: Neil Mateson MacDonald, Auckland, New Zealand. 1940 or 1941.
* Daughter: Hillary (~1947?). Hillary Roberts ("The daughter of former Fiji deputy Governor Patrick Macdonald...") lived in Bermuda until November 2007 and perhaps could be contacted through the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club.
* Daughter: Sally.

==Notes and references==
<references/>

Patrick Donald MacDonald

2009-02-20T21:34:05Z

Garman: working

'''Patrick Donald MacDonald''', nicknamed '''Paddy''' (born 21 July 1909, Bells Hill, Scotland - died June 1987, Surrey, England)<ref>Death registered in Surrey South-Western, v. 17, p. 1313</ref>) was the colonial secretary and is believed to have likely known "everything there was to know about the [[Bones found on Nikumaroro| bones found on Nikumaroro]]."

On 8 April 1940 MacDonald became acting assistant secretary WPHC under Vaskess.<ref name="pf">WPHC personnel file</ref>, taking the job over from Harry Maude, who had been seconded to Pitcarn<ref>Woodburn, ''Where Our Hearts Still Lie''</ref> On 2nd May 1940 he relinquished this post and on 24 May became acting secretary until 11 July when he again became acting assistant secretary,<ref name="pf"> likely having stood in for Vaskess while he was on leave or secondment. MacDonald went on vacation leave during 14-28th October 1940. From 11 to 19 November he traveled to Samoa and Tonga. On 11 December he again became acting secretary to WPHC and seems to have carried on in this post until 2 July 1941, when his personnel file noted he "resumed duty in substantive post... statement of pensionable service instrument(?) in GEIC."<ref>Does this mean he was back on Ocean or Tarawa?</ref>

In 1941 MacDonald rose from assistant secretary to colonial secretary, a prestigious and important position. [[Ron Gatty]] later recalled, "The Governor was a ceremonial figure and might set policy, but the Colonial Secretary was the CEO. He had three telephones on his desk, gave orders, and approved spending. Paddy was pretty damn good."

*24th April 1941 personnel file says he "proceeded(?) on duty with HC (sic: High Commissioner) to BSIP & HH." BSIP would be British Solomon Islands Protectorate; don't know about HH. Sir Harry, on page 179 of "From a South Seas Diary," notes that on 20th April he sailed on ''Viti'' with "Dr. Macpherson, Tomblings and Paddy Macdonald" for the Solomons; they got back on 14th May. Our copy of Macdonald's personnel file ends with the 24th April 1941 entry.
* Took the bones from the office to Hoodless at FSM in summer of 1941.
* Colonial Secretary and in charge of boxing things up in 1978. Acting Archivist from the time that [[Burne]] retired (or quit) in 1976 until at least April 6, 1978.
* Both files and office equipment were sent to London. Lists of files were drawn up and typed. They were then packed in small archive boxes--no more than 5 files to a box. The small boxes were then stacked in a wooden packing crate. They fit perfectly, with no need of any kind of straw or other packing material.
* Tofiga remembers Paddy as "fair, firm and meticulous."
* Ron Gatty:
* Daughters: Hillary and Sally? Hillary is now Hillary Roberts, living in Bermuda as of 2007 (See below). She worked for BOAC and got reduced fare flights for her father ([[Ron Gatty|RG]]).
* May have had a part-interest in the Grand Pacific Hotel. [[Ron Gatty]] saw him there in a humble role--acting, perhaps, as the manager or desk clerk.
* Died in the late 1990s?
* .
* Employed by WPHC from ~1941 to 1978.

== Family ==
* Wife: Delia Edith MacDonald (3 Aug 1913, Westcliff, England, to November, 1994, in Hove, Sussex).
* Son: Neil Mateson MacDonald, Auckland, New Zealand. 1940 or 1941.
* Daughter: Hillary (~1947?). Hillary Roberts ("The daughter of former Fiji deputy Governor Patrick Macdonald...") lived in Bermuda until November 2007 and perhaps could be contacted through the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club.
* Daughter: Sally.

==Notes and references==
<references/>

Patrick Donald MacDonald

2009-02-20T21:22:09Z

Garman: working...

'''Patrick Donald MacDonald''', nicknamed '''Paddy''' (born 21 July 1909, Bells Hill, Scotland - died June 1987<ref>Death registered in Surrey South-Western, v. 17, p. 1313</ref>) who is believed to have likely known "everything there was to know about the [[Bones found on Nikumaroro| bones found on Nikumaroro]]."

In 1941 MacDonald rose from assistant secretary to colonial secretary, a prestigious and important position. [[Ron Gatty]] later recalled, "The Governor was a ceremonial figure and might set policy, but the Colonial Secretary was the CEO. He had three telephones on his desk, gave orders, and approved spending. Paddy was pretty damn good."

* 8th April 1940 became Acting Assistant Secretary WPHC under Vaskess (source: WPHC personnel file), assuming job from Harry Maude, who had been seconded to Pitcarn (Source: Woodburn, "Where Our Hearts Still Lie").
* 2nd May 1940 relinquished AAS post, but on 24th May became Acting Secretary until 11th July when he returned to being AAS (Source: Personnel file); presumably he stood in for Vaskess while Vaskess was on leave or secondment.
* On vacation leave 14-28th October 1940
* 11th -- 19th November 1940 traveled to Samoa and Tonga
* 11th December again became Acting Secretary to WPHC, apparently continued in this post until 2nd July, when his personnel file says he "resumed duty in substantive post, with the note: "statement of pensionable service instrument(?) in GEIC." Does this mean he was back on Ocean or Tarawa?
*24th April 1941 personnel file says he "proceeded(?) on duty with HC (sic: High Commissioner) to BSIP & HH." BSIP would be British Solomon Islands Protectorate; don't know about HH. Sir Harry, on page 179 of "From a South Seas Diary," notes that on 20th April he sailed on ''Viti'' with "Dr. Macpherson, Tomblings and Paddy Macdonald" for the Solomons; they got back on 14th May. Our copy of Macdonald's personnel file ends with the 24th April 1941 entry.
* Took the bones from the office to Hoodless at FSM in summer of 1941.
* Colonial Secretary and in charge of boxing things up in 1978. Acting Archivist from the time that [[Burne]] retired (or quit) in 1976 until at least April 6, 1978.
* Both files and office equipment were sent to London. Lists of files were drawn up and typed. They were then packed in small archive boxes--no more than 5 files to a box. The small boxes were then stacked in a wooden packing crate. They fit perfectly, with no need of any kind of straw or other packing material.
* Tofiga remembers Paddy as "fair, firm and meticulous."
* Ron Gatty:
* Daughters: Hillary and Sally? Hillary is now Hillary Roberts, living in Bermuda as of 2007 (See below). She worked for BOAC and got reduced fare flights for her father ([[Ron Gatty|RG]]).
* May have had a part-interest in the Grand Pacific Hotel. [[Ron Gatty]] saw him there in a humble role--acting, perhaps, as the manager or desk clerk.
* Died in the late 1990s?
* .
* Employed by WPHC from ~1941 to 1978.

== Family ==
* Wife: Delia Edith MacDonald (3 Aug 1913, Westcliff, England, to November, 1994, in Hove, Sussex).
* Son: Neil Mateson MacDonald, Auckland, New Zealand. 1940 or 1941.
* Daughter: Hillary (~1947?). Hillary Roberts ("The daughter of former Fiji deputy Governor Patrick Macdonald...") lived in Bermuda until November 2007 and perhaps could be contacted through the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club.
* Daughter: Sally.

==Notes and references==
<references/>

Patrick Donald MacDonald

2009-02-20T21:12:23Z

Garman: /* test */ t ...

'''Patrick Donald MacDonald''', nicknamed '''Paddy''' (born 21 July 1909, Bells Hill, Scotland - died June 1987<ref>test</ref>)

* Born July 21, 1909, in Bells Hill, Scotland.
* Died June, 1987. Death registered in Surrey South-Western, v. 17, p. 1313.
* Nicknamed "Paddy."
* Rose from Assistant Secretary in 1941 to Colonial Secretary--a very prestigious and important position.
** The Colonial Secretary was virtually a dictator. The Governor was a ceremonial figure and might set policy, but the Colonial Secretary was the CEO. He had three telephones on his desk, gave orders, and approved spending. He was "pretty damn good" ([[Ron Gatty|RG]]).
* Employed by WPHC from ~1941 to 1978.
* 8th April 1940 became Acting Assistant Secretary WPHC under Vaskess (source: WPHC personnel file), assuming job from Harry Maude, who had been seconded to Pitcarn (Source: Woodburn, "Where Our Hearts Still Lie").
* 2nd May 1940 relinquished AAS post, but on 24th May became Acting Secretary until 11th July when he returned to being AAS (Source: Personnel file); presumably he stood in for Vaskess while Vaskess was on leave or secondment.
* On vacation leave 14-28th October 1940
* 11th -- 19th November 1940 traveled to Samoa and Tonga
* 11th December again became Acting Secretary to WPHC, apparently continued in this post until 2nd July, when his personnel file says he "resumed duty in substantive post, with the note: "statement of pensionable service instrument(?) in GEIC." Does this mean he was back on Ocean or Tarawa?
*24th April 1941 personnel file says he "proceeded(?) on duty with HC (sic: High Commissioner) to BSIP & HH." BSIP would be British Solomon Islands Protectorate; don't know about HH. Sir Harry, on page 179 of "From a South Seas Diary," notes that on 20th April he sailed on ''Viti'' with "Dr. Macpherson, Tomblings and Paddy Macdonald" for the Solomons; they got back on 14th May. Our copy of Macdonald's personnel file ends with the 24th April 1941 entry.
* Took the bones from the office to Hoodless at FSM in summer of 1941.
* Colonial Secretary and in charge of boxing things up in 1978. Acting Archivist from the time that [[Burne]] retired (or quit) in 1976 until at least April 6, 1978.
* Both files and office equipment were sent to London. Lists of files were drawn up and typed. They were then packed in small archive boxes--no more than 5 files to a box. The small boxes were then stacked in a wooden packing crate. They fit perfectly, with no need of any kind of straw or other packing material.
* Tofiga remembers Paddy as "fair, firm and meticulous."
* Ron Gatty: "The Governor was a ceremonial figure and might set policy, but the Colonial Secretary was the CEO. He had three telephones on his desk, gave orders, and approved spending. Paddy was pretty damn good."
* Daughters: Hillary and Sally? Hillary is now Hillary Roberts, living in Bermuda as of 2007 (See below). She worked for BOAC and got reduced fare flights for her father ([[Ron Gatty|RG]]).
* May have had a part-interest in the Grand Pacific Hotel. [[Ron Gatty]] saw him there in a humble role--acting, perhaps, as the manager or desk clerk.
* Died in the late 1990s?
* Almost certainly knew everything there was to know about the [[Bones found on Nikumaroro| bones found on Nikumaroro]].
== Family ==
* Wife: Delia Edith MacDonald (3 Aug 1913, Westcliff, England, to November, 1994, in Hove, Sussex).
* Son: Neil Mateson MacDonald, Auckland, New Zealand. 1940 or 1941.
* Daughter: Hillary (~1947?). Hillary Roberts ("The daughter of former Fiji deputy Governor Patrick Macdonald...") lived in Bermuda until November 2007 and perhaps could be contacted through the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club.
* Daughter: Sally.

==test==

Patrick Donald MacDonald

2009-02-20T21:11:46Z

Garman: test

USCG LORAN Station

2009-02-20T21:03:12Z

Garman: t

[[Image:Nikuevidence.jpg|thumb|Map of possible Earhart evidence on Nikumaroro (Gardner Island), with USCG LORAN station at far lower right. The spot was called ''Ameriki'' by the Gilbertese settlers.]]

On July 24, 1944, U.S. Coast Guard Construction Detachment D (Unit 211) arrived aboard USCG Balsam to begin construction of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LORAN LORAN] facility at the easternmost tip of [[Nikumaroro]].

LORAN stands for '''LO'''ng '''R'''ange '''A'''id to '''N'''avigation. This is a terrestrial navigation system using timed signals from pairs of transmitters allowing a receiver to calculate its position between the two transmitters. Two pairs of transmitters are needed to locate a receiver in any particular position.

The Gardner LORAN went on the air September 29, 1944 with a staff of twenty-five men as USCG Unit 92. Commanding officer Ensign [[Charles Sopko]] restricted his men to the immediate area around the station, limiting their contact with the Gilbertese colonists to prevent "fraternization."

Some time in late 1944 or early 1945 PBY supply pilot Lt. (jg) [[John Mims]] saw the Gilbertese settlers using an aircraft control cable as a heavy-duty fishing line leader. When asked where it came from, one of the Gilbertese answered, "When our people first arrived a few years ago there was an airplane here."

The Loran station was de-activated and abandoned in December 1945.

In March 1946 a Coast Guard work crew disassembled and secured the station's LORAN gear in the quonset huts which had been used as living quarters. A member of this crew, Chief Carpenter’s Mate [[Floyd Kilts]], later (1960) told a San Diego newspaper reporter that one of the Gilbertese told him of "the skeleton of a woman with American shoes and the skull of a man" found by the island's first [[PISS| settlers in 1938]].

USCG LORAN Station

2009-02-20T21:02:40Z

Garman: +

[[Image:Nikuevidence.jpg|thumb|Map of possible Earhart evidence on Nikumaroro (Gardner Island), with USCG LORAN station at far lower right. The spot was called ''Ameriki'' by the Gilbertese settlers.]]

On July 24, 1944, U.S. Coast Guard Construction Detachment D (Unit 211) arrived aboard USCG Balsam to begin construction of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LORAN LORAN] facility at the easternmost tip of [[Nikumaroro]].

LORAN stands for '''LO'''ng '''R'''ange '''A'''id to '''N'''avigation. This is a terrestrial navigation system using timed signals from pairs of transmitters allowing a receiver to calculate its position between the two transmitters. Two pairs of transmitters are needed to locate a receiver in any particular position.

The Gardner LORAN went on the air September 29, 1944 with a staff of twenty-five men as USCG Unit 92. Commanding officer Ensign [[Charles Sopko]] restricted his men to the immediate area around the station, limiting their contact with the Gilbertese colonists to prevent "fraternization."

Some time in late 1944 or early 1945 PBY supply pilot Lt. (jg) [[John Mims]] saw the Gilbertese settlers using an aircraft control cable as a heavy-duty fishing line leader. When asked where it came from, one of the Gilbertese answered, "When our people first arrived a few years ago there was an airplane here."

The Loran station is de-activated and abandoned in December 1945.

In March 1946 a Coast Guard work crew disassembled and secured the station's LORAN gear in the quonset huts which had been used as living quarters. A member of this crew, Chief Carpenter’s Mate [[Floyd Kilts]], later (1960) told a San Diego newspaper reporter that one of the Gilbertese told him of "the skeleton of a woman with American shoes and the skull of a man" found by the island's first [[PISS| settlers in 1938]].

USCG LORAN Station

2009-02-20T21:00:02Z

Garman: caption

[[Image:Nikuevidence.jpg|thumb|Map of possible Earhart evidence on Nikumaroro (Gardner Island), with USCG LORAN station at far lower right. The spot was called ''Ameriki'' by the Gilbertese settlers.]]

On July 24, 1944, U.S. Coast Guard Construction Detachment D (Unit 211) arrived aboard USCG Balsam to begin construction of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LORAN LORAN] facility at the easternmost tip of [[Nikumaroro]].

LORAN stands for '''LO'''ng '''R'''ange '''A'''id to '''N'''avigation. Precisely timed signals from pairs of transmitters allow a receiver to calculate its position between the two transmitters. Two pairs of transmitters are needed to locate the receiver in particular position.

The Gardner LORAN went on the air September 29, 1944 with a staff of twenty-five men as USCG Unit 92. Commanding officer Ensign [[Charles Sopko]] restricted his men to the immediate area around the station, limiting their contact with the Gilbertese colonists to prevent "fraternization."

Some time in late 1944 or early 1945 PBY supply pilot Lt. (jg) [[John Mims]] saw the Gilbertese settlers using an aircraft control cable as a heavy-duty fishing line leader. When asked where it came from, one of the Gilbertese answered, "When our people first arrived a few years ago there was an airplane here."

The Loran station is de-activated and abandoned in December 1945.

In March 1946 a Coast Guard work crew disassembled and secured the station's LORAN gear in the quonset huts which had been used as living quarters. A member of this crew, Chief Carpenter’s Mate [[Floyd Kilts]], later (1960) told a San Diego newspaper reporter that one of the Gilbertese told him of "the skeleton of a woman with American shoes and the skull of a man" found by the island's first [[PISS| settlers in 1938]].

USCG LORAN Station

2009-02-20T20:58:50Z

Garman: img

[[Image:Nikuevidence.jpg|thumb|Map of possible Earhart evidence on Nikumaroro (Gardner Island), with USCG LORAN station at far lower right.]]

On July 24, 1944, U.S. Coast Guard Construction Detachment D (Unit 211) arrived aboard USCG Balsam to begin construction of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LORAN LORAN] facility at the easternmost tip of [[Nikumaroro]].

LORAN stands for '''LO'''ng '''R'''ange '''A'''id to '''N'''avigation. Precisely timed signals from pairs of transmitters allow a receiver to calculate its position between the two transmitters. Two pairs of transmitters are needed to locate the receiver in particular position.

The Gardner LORAN went on the air September 29, 1944 with a staff of twenty-five men as USCG Unit 92. Commanding officer Ensign [[Charles Sopko]] restricted his men to the immediate area around the station, limiting their contact with the Gilbertese colonists to prevent "fraternization."

Some time in late 1944 or early 1945 PBY supply pilot Lt. (jg) [[John Mims]] saw the Gilbertese settlers using an aircraft control cable as a heavy-duty fishing line leader. When asked where it came from, one of the Gilbertese answered, "When our people first arrived a few years ago there was an airplane here."

The Loran station is de-activated and abandoned in December 1945.

In March 1946 a Coast Guard work crew disassembled and secured the station's LORAN gear in the quonset huts which had been used as living quarters. A member of this crew, Chief Carpenter’s Mate [[Floyd Kilts]], later (1960) told a San Diego newspaper reporter that one of the Gilbertese told him of "the skeleton of a woman with American shoes and the skull of a man" found by the island's first [[PISS| settlers in 1938]].

USCG LORAN Station

2009-02-20T20:53:53Z

Garman: past tense

On July 24, 1944, U.S. Coast Guard Construction Detachment D (Unit 211) arrived aboard USCG Balsam to begin construction of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LORAN LORAN] facility at the easternmost tip of [[Nikumaroro]].

LORAN stands for '''LO'''ng '''R'''ange '''A'''id to '''N'''avigation. Precisely timed signals from pairs of transmitters allow a receiver to calculate its position between the two transmitters. Two pairs of transmitters are needed to locate the receiver in particular position.

[[Image:Nikuevidence.jpg|center]]
{{tcbug}}

The Gardner LORAN went on the air September 29, 1944 with a staff of twenty-five men as USCG Unit 92. Commanding officer Ensign [[Charles Sopko]] restricted his men to the immediate area around the station, limiting their contact with the Gilbertese colonists to prevent "fraternization."

Some time in late 1944 or early 1945 PBY supply pilot Lt. (jg) [[John Mims]] saw the Gilbertese settlers using an aircraft control cable as a heavy-duty fishing line leader. When asked where it came from, one of the Gilbertese answered, "When our people first arrived a few years ago there was an airplane here."

The Loran station is de-activated and abandoned in December 1945.

In March 1946 a Coast Guard work crew disassembled and secured the station's LORAN gear in the quonset huts which had been used as living quarters. A member of this crew, Chief Carpenter’s Mate [[Floyd Kilts]], later (1960) told a San Diego newspaper reporter that one of the Gilbertese told him of "the skeleton of a woman with American shoes and the skull of a man" found by the island's first [[PISS| settlers in 1938]].

Love to Mother

2009-02-20T19:00:55Z

Garman: wording

On August 21, 1945 [[George Putnam]] received an unsigned telegram that read:

''Camp liberated; all well. Volumes to tell. Love to mother.''

The complete story of the enigmatic telegram and the final resolution of its meaning is told in [http://www.tighar.org/forum/FAQs/ltm.htm Ron Bright's report.] The telegram was not from Amelia but from the son of a woman for whom Putnam was caring.

User:Garman

2009-02-20T18:54:51Z

Garman: ltm

[[Love to Mother|LTM]]

User talk:Moleski

2009-02-20T18:11:15Z

Garman: hello!

User:Garman

2009-02-20T18:09:02Z

Garman: or rather

Letting Marty know I'm here.

User:Garman

2009-02-20T18:07:35Z

Garman: New page: Letting y'all know I'm here.

Letting y'all know I'm here.